怎么樣寫留學(xué)推薦信?

　　幾乎所有的大學(xué)都會要求申請人提交推薦信（recommendation letter），評審委員根據(jù)推薦者的文字描述，可以了解申請人的背景狀況。它可以說明各種成績數(shù)字以外的其他情況，補(bǔ)充過于計量化、公式化審核的一種評估方式。在決定出國申請是否成功的諸多要素中，有力的推薦信是錄取的重要條件之一，其份量僅次于于本科成績單和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試（gre、gmat、toefl）成績。

　　同學(xué)們所申請的大學(xué)一般要求三封推薦信。推薦人的身份可以是曾經(jīng)教你的教授，或者現(xiàn)（曾）職工作單位主管，自己視學(xué)校要求和自己的需要組合。例如，如果你畢業(yè)十年，你的推薦信可應(yīng)有二封由工作主管來寫為宜，而畢業(yè)一兩年頂多一封即足夠。

　　推薦人的職務(wù)并不一定愈高愈有利，相反地，認(rèn)識你的時間較長，雖然職位不高，但是由于對你有著清楚地了解，所以其撰寫的內(nèi)容往往能夠適當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)你的個性（personality）。這才是上乘的推薦。

　　接下來，我們將通過實例來討論推薦信包含的主要內(nèi)容，基本結(jié)構(gòu)，以及通常可以套用的模式。

　　例如：

　　to whom it may concern:

　　i take great pleasure in recommending miss， a promising girl as a worthy candidate for admission and financial aids to your prodigious university. as her undergraduate advisor, i had known her for nearly four years. in this letter i would like to share with you my perspectives on this exceptional young lady.

　　miss strikes a balance in academic and extracurricular activities, which is rarely seen in university students. from an education perspective, i think miss is the type of student who can go far and broad as an integrated human being to fulfill academic mission and social responsibility.

　　when i taught her （課程）, unlike many other students loafing time in heavy complaints about the boring stuff, she was self-disciplined with the fundamentals and made step-by-step progress. she was also self-navigated. in addition to class assignments, she proactively broadened herself asking for extra reading list from me. naturally, she got good scores of 91 and 92 points respectively. in the meantime, she has obtained a macroview on the development of the schools of and the trend of thought, which will establish solid basis for her future research in field.

　　besides her academic activities, i also attracted by her social activities and capabilities. miss has a strong ability in organizing, leading and controlling extracurricular activities. in the past three years she has organized many activities successfully. in particular, she took part in （association）. through a series of activities, many people were impressed by her leadership, humor and eloquence. she was elected as a student representative to take the speech in＃＃ delivered by president and sponsored “＃＃”, a large-scaled sale for charity in cooperation with (公司名稱) to which she invited many ambassadors or cultural chancellors and raised an assistance fund. eventually, she received a highest honorary school diploma signed personally by the president of (大學(xué)名稱) for her performance in such activities.

　　all the observation on shanshan in closeness leads to the conclusion that she is both a candidate qualified for your graduate program towards a higher degree and a citizen that will impact the communities in neighborhood with knowledge and enthusiasm. if you need more information concerning her, please contact me freely.

　　sincerely,

　　根據(jù)這封推薦信，我們可以對推薦信的內(nèi)容，結(jié)構(gòu)和模式有非常直觀的認(rèn)識。

　　第一， 從內(nèi)容來看，推薦信包括以下幾個部分：

　　1. 推薦人和申請者之間的關(guān)系；

　　推薦人和申請者的關(guān)系一般有以下幾種：

　　1）師生關(guān)系（導(dǎo)師和學(xué)生，任課老師和學(xué)生，班主任和學(xué)生，系院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和學(xué)生）；

　　2）上級和下屬關(guān)系；

　　3）同事關(guān)系；

　　4）實習(xí)單位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和實習(xí)生的關(guān)系。

　　2. 兩人認(rèn)識時間、經(jīng)過；

　　3. 申請者的哪些素質(zhì)給推薦人留下了深刻的印象（推薦人贊賞你哪些品質(zhì)這是推薦的核心）；

　　4. 對申請者寄予什么樣的希望（寄予的希望一般都會是希望申請者在申請的領(lǐng)域里繼續(xù)深造，最終有所成就）。

　　第二，從整體結(jié)構(gòu)來看,通常說來一封推薦信可以分別用以下三種結(jié)構(gòu)來體現(xiàn)：

　　1. 總分總結(jié)構(gòu)

　　2. 總分結(jié)構(gòu)

　　3. 分總結(jié)構(gòu)

　　而從單獨的段落來講，也可以是這三種結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　但是由于申請材料眾多,為了讓評審的教授能夠在很短的時間內(nèi)對你的特點有所印象，建議大家不管是整體的結(jié)構(gòu)還是段落的結(jié)構(gòu)都使用前面兩種：

　　1 總分總結(jié)構(gòu)  

　　2 總分結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　這封推薦信在總體結(jié)構(gòu)上采用了總分總的機(jī)構(gòu)，在具體特點的推薦上采用了總分的結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　第三，推薦信其格式有些模式可循，以下將針對各段提供模式作參考：

　　（一）抬頭可用的格式有：

　　dear sir/madam/to whom it may concern:

　　（二）第一段：引文句子。可以引用如：

　　“it is a pleasure to recommend to you (name), a former student of mine at (name of university).”

　　“i am very happy to have this opportunity to recommend (name), who is presently applying for admission to your graduate (or undergraduate) program in (name of program).”

　　“i understand that (name) is applying for admissions to your graduate (undergraduate) school, and has requested that i write this letter of recommendation for her/him.”

　　“in my capacity as professor at university, i have known for three years, as both his/her advisor and professor.”

　　（三）第二段：這段可以提供最實質(zhì)的內(nèi)容。譬如，如果推薦人是教授，解釋學(xué)生在他門下所修的課程。

　　“(name) took two of my courses during the 1998-99 academic year, as follows; “” and “”.”

　　“(name) was enrolled in three of classes from september 1998 to june 1999 “” and “”.”

　　接下來，教授寫一些有關(guān)申請人在課堂上的表現(xiàn)，如完成的研究計劃、實驗室研究、研究報告、考試的成績、課堂態(tài)度、討論課的參與等，舉出實例。

　　“in my class (es), (name) did excellent work. she always listened attentively, participated actively in class, and handed in very good written assignment.

　　“in particular, his/her research paper on (topic) was of exceptionally high quality, and showed that s/he fully understands and has a strong background in his/her field.”

　　如果推薦人是工作主管，首先一定要仔細(xì)陳述申請人的工作職責(zé)，并對申請者的工作表現(xiàn)做一評估。如果可能的話盡量列舉實例。

　　“when (name) held the position of (job title) in this company she was one s/he was one of my best employees. his/her job responsibilities included (describe them), and s/he carried out his/her duties with exceptional skill and professionalism.”

　　“s/he not only did his/her own work, but also helped other employees, and made many valuable contributions to the efficient running to our firm.”

　　第二段最后一段：可以提及申請人在班上（或公司里）的比較表現(xiàn)（譬如排名）： 

　　“i was rate (name)’s academic ability as in the top 10% of his/her class.”

　　“compared against other students that i have taught, i would say that (name) ranks in the upper 10%.

　　接下來，推薦人可對申請人能否成功完成學(xué)業(yè)提出看法。舉例：

　　“based on his/her previous performance, i am certain that (name) would be a very successful student at your university.”

　　“i believe that (name) possesses all the qualities necessary to make an excellent graduate student in his/her chosen field, and am sure that s/he will make a fine addition to your campus.”

　　（四）第三段：如果還有其他話想說，請另寫一段。

　　例如：英文能力、溝通技巧、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能、特殊學(xué)術(shù)或工作背景。譬如說，如果申請人欲申請的科系是企管系，推薦人可著力描寫他們有關(guān)申請者商業(yè)的專門技術(shù)、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能，以及申請者所參加的商業(yè)活動。例如，有關(guān)商業(yè)方面的組織社團(tuán)。又如，申請人申請護(hù)理研究所，推薦人可著力描寫他們關(guān)懷的態(tài)度，處理實驗室的技能，或是對病人的奉獻(xiàn)。

　　（五）最后，以幾句結(jié)尾做總結(jié)；

　　“therefore, i am happy to highly and without reservation recommend (name) for admission to your graduate program. your kind/serious consideration of his/her application would be most appreciated.”

　　“i am thus pleased to give my full support and recommendation to (name)’s application for admission to your school. if any further information is required, please feel free to contact me.”

　　（六）簽名：

　　sincerely/sincerely yours/very truly yours,

　　with best regards,