關(guān)于元旦節(jié)的資料
世界上大多數(shù)國家把每年1月1日作為元旦,由于世界各國所處的經(jīng)度位置不同,各國的時間也不同,因此,“元旦”的日期也有不同。下面是小編為大家收集的關(guān)于元旦節(jié)的資料,歡迎大家閱讀!
元旦的起源【中英文介紹】
New Year's Day 元旦
"Yuan" has meaning only, "Dan" means the dawn of time, but also refers to the day pass. New Year's Day is the beginning of the year on the first day.
“元”有始之意,“旦”指天明的時間,也通指白天。元旦,便是一年開始的第一天。
China's ancient New Year's Day is not the same month. In the first lunar month started this summer on behalf of the Shang dynasty who started in December, Zhou who started in November, after the emperor Tongyiliuguo so, on New Year's Day a day in early October and since then successive Xiangyan not changed and ( "Historical Records"). The first year of Emperor Wu was in the beginning, the Sima Qian, the creation of a "calendar was in the beginning," This Youyi who started for the first month in the New Year, and the summer on behalf of the provisions of the same, so called "traditional Chinese lunar calendar," has been in use to the 1911 Revolution. The establishment of the Republic of China Sun Yat-sen in order to "line XIA, so shun farming season; from the Western calendar, so they Statistics", will be the first month started this (New Year's Day) for the Spring Festival, while the west of the calendar (Gregorian calendar) January 1 as New Year's. September 27, 1949, the First Plenary Session of the CPPCC through the use of the "Year Annals Law," who started the first lunar month, called "Spring Festival" will Gregorian calendar January 1 as the "New Year's Day."
我國歷代元旦的月日并不一致。夏代在正月初一,商代在十二月初一,周代在十一月初一,秦始皇統(tǒng)一六國后,又以十月初一日為元旦,自此歷代相沿未改(《史記》)。漢武帝太初元年時,司馬遷創(chuàng)立了“太初歷”,這才又以正月初一為元旦,和夏代規(guī)定一樣,所以又稱“夏歷”,一直沿用到辛亥革命。中華民國建立,孫中山為了“行夏正,所以順農(nóng)時;從西歷,所以便統(tǒng)計”,定正月初一(元旦)為春節(jié),而以西歷(公歷)1月1日為新年。1949年9月27日,中國人民政治協(xié)商會議第一屆全體會議通過使用“公元紀年法”,將農(nóng)歷正月初一稱“春節(jié)”,將公歷1月1日定為“元旦”。
Because of the longitude of the world in different locations, countries of time is also different, accordingly, "new date there are also different. Such as Oceania located in the west of the RiJieXian island-state, it is the first day of the first place, also be to celebrate New Year's country. Located in the east side of the RiJieXian XiSaMaYa is the world's most late start a new day of place. According to the calendar to count, our country is the world's first start New Year 12 countries .
由于世界各國所處的經(jīng)度位置不同,各國的時間也不同,因此,“元旦”的日期也有不同。如大洋洲的島國湯加位于日界線的西側(cè),它是世界上最先開始的一天的地方,也是最先慶祝元旦的國家。而位于日界線東側(cè)的西薩摩亞則是世界上最遲開始新的一天的地方。按公歷計,我國是世界上第12個開始新年的國家。
關(guān)于元旦的詩詞
宋吳自牧《夢梁錄》中《正月》開篇話說:“正月朔日,謂之元旦,俗呼為新年。”“元旦”一詞最早出現(xiàn)于《晉書》:“顓帝以孟春三月為元,其時正朔元旦之春”,以及南北朝梁人蕭子云《介雅》:“四氣新元旦,萬壽初今朝”等詩文中。
古代元旦宮廷有賀歲之禮,規(guī)模宏大而隆重。三國時曹植《元會》詩:“初步元祚,古日惟良,乃為嘉會,宴此高堂”。
唐白居易《七年元日對酒五首》之二:“眾老憂添歲,余衰喜入春。年開第七秩,屈指幾多人!”唐代另一詩人成文斡寫有《元旦》詩:“戴星先捧祝堯觴,鏡里堪驚兩鬢霜。好是燈前偷失笑,屠蘇應不得先嘗。”
唐人孟浩然寫了一首《回家元日》詩,云:“昨夜斗回北,今朝歲起東。我年已強壯,無祿尚憂農(nóng)。桑野猶耕父,荷鋤隨牧童。田家占氣候,共說此年豐。”
古代元旦有貼春聯(lián)的習俗。南宋詩人陸游的《已酉元旦》詩:“夜雨解殘雪,朝陽開積陰,桃符呵筆寫,椒酒過花斜。”宋伯仁《歲旦》詩:“居間無賀客,早起只如常,桃板隨人換,梅花隔歲香。”詩中的“桃符”、“桃板”即指春聯(lián)。
北宋改革家王安石的《元日》詩:“爆竹聲中一歲除,春風送暖入屠蘇。千門萬戶瞳瞳日,總把新桃換舊符”。
明代陳獻章的《元旦試筆》有如一幅“樂歲圖”。詩人在詩中寫道:“鄰墻旋打娛賓酒,稚子齊歌樂歲詩。老去又逢新歲月,春來更有好花枝。晚風何處江樓笛,吹到東溟月上時。”
清代愛國詩人張維屏的《新雷》,雖未用“元旦”、“元日”等詞匯,卻以元旦為題,寫出人們賀歲、迎春的喜悅:“造物無言卻有情,每于寒盡覺春生。千紅萬紫安排著,只待新雷第一聲。”一代偉人毛澤東,1930年1月寫了一首《如夢令·元旦》:“寧化、清流、歸化,路隘林深苔滑。今日向何方,直指武夷山下。山上山下,風展紅旗如畫。”欣賞這首詞,猶如走入一幅壯闊的風景畫,全詞淋漓酣暢,清新自然,充滿了樂觀、昂揚的革命樂觀主義精神。
1942年董必武在重慶寫了一首七律《元旦口占用柳亞子懷人韻》:“共慶新年笑語嘩,紅巖士女贈梅花。舉杯互敬屠蘇酒,散席分嘗勝利茶。只有精忠能報國,更無樂土可為家。陪都歌舞迎佳節(jié),遙祝延安景物華。”欣賞這首膾炙人口的佳作,覺得字里行間浸透著詩人對革命事業(yè)的一片赤誠。其時抗戰(zhàn)維艱,惟有精忠報國,方可期來日樂土安家。詩中所說的“勝利茶”,是當時重慶商店里出售的紙包茶,意在預祝抗日勝利。以新鮮事物為掌故入詩,可見董老對舊體詩的革新意識。