小學英語期末復習要點知識匯總
一、語法易錯點
1. a, an的選擇: 元音字母開頭的單詞用an,輔音字母開頭的單詞用a.
2. am , is , are的選擇: 單數用is , 復數用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.
3. have , has 的選擇: 表示某人有某物.單數用has , 復數用have. I ,you 用 have .
4. there is, there are 的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數用there is , 復數用there are.
5. some, any 的選擇:肯定句用some, 疑問句和否定句用any.
6. 疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時候)which(哪一個)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)
二:形容詞比較級
當我們需要對事物作出比較時,需要用到比較級.比較級的句子結構通常是:
什么 + 動詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:
I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)
形容詞的比較級是在形容詞的基礎上變化而來的,它的變化規則是:
�、� 一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger ,
② 以e結尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,
�、� 以輔音字母加y結尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier
④ 雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter
☆注意☆
比較的兩者應該是互相對應的可比較的東西.
典型錯誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發比你更長.)
比較的兩者是我的頭發,你(整個人),那么比較的對象就沒有可比性.
應該改為:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.
三:動詞過去式
動詞的過去式的構成規則有:
A,規則動詞
�、� 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
�、� 以e結尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)
�、� 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped
B,不規則動詞(此類詞并無規則,須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,
are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt
四:動詞現在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構成規則:
�、� 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
�、� 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
五、小學英語人稱代詞主格及賓格
人稱代詞分為主格和賓格，主格和賓格區別：主格和賓格漢語意思相同，但位置不同。
Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (賓格)"我"
主格在陳述句中通常放句首，賓格通常放在動詞后或介詞后，也就是說賓格，不放在句首。
Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)
Excuse me (me 賓格)
I ask him to go (him 賓格)
They sit in front of me (me 賓格)
主格(8個)：I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她、它)們
賓格(8個)：me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她、它)們
六:句型專項歸類
1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,
如:I'm a student.
She is a doctor.
He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom.
2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,
如:I'm not a student.
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital.
There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.
☆注意☆ 小結:
否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎上加上了否定詞 "not".有動詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分開寫.沒有動詞be的句子則要先在主要動詞的前面加上一個助動詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個助動詞要根據人稱和時態來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現在時主語是第三人稱單數的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數,都用"did" .
3,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答.
如:Are you a student ?Yes, I am \ No, I'm not.
Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. \ No, she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital ?\Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening?\ Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
☆注意☆ 小結:
一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎上,
�、侔褎釉~be調到首位,其他照寫,末尾標點符號變成問號即可.
�、跊]有動詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個助動詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動詞變回原形,末尾標點符號變成問號即可.
這三個助動詞也要根據人稱和時態來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現在時主語是第三人稱單數的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時,不論主語是什么人稱和數,都用"did" .一般疑問句有個重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個單詞(助動詞)和簡略答句里的這個詞是一致的.
4,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導的句子.此類句子應該問什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來回答.如:
What is this?
Where are you going?
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon?
When do you usually get up?
Why do you like spring best ?
How are you?
☆注意☆ 小結:
其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如: how many(多少(數量)), how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)
例句:How many pencils do you have ?
How many girls can you see ?
how many 用來提問可數名詞的數量,主要有以上三種搭配,
How many + 名詞復數 + do you have 你有多少……
How many + 名詞復數 + can you see 你能看見多少……
How many + 名詞復數 + are there… 有多少……
七:完全,縮略形式:
1、簡縮形式的變法：把倒數第二個字母，通常是元音字母變成' 但are除外，are要把a打成' 。Eg:he is=he's they are=they're
2、簡縮形式和完全形式的漢語意思相同。
3、把完全形式變成簡縮形式時，一定要注意第一個字母的大小變化。Eg:What is =What's
4、記住一個特殊變化;let's =let us 讓我們(不要把' 變成i) 5、記�。簍hisis 沒有簡縮形式this's(錯誤)
5.常見的縮略形式：
I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they
are you're=you are there's=there is they're=they are
can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not
isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us
won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not