TED演講集3則(通用5篇)
TED演講集3則 篇1
The night before I was heading for Scotland, I was invited to host the fina of "China's Got Talent" show in Shanghai with the 80,000 live audience in the stadium. Guewho was the performing guest? Susan Boyle. And I told her, "I'm going to Scotland the next day." She sang beautifully, and she even managed to say a few words in Chinese. [Chinese] So it's not like "hello" or "thank you," that ordinary stuff. It means "green onion for free." Why did she say that? Because it was a line from our Chinese parallel Susan Boyle -- a 50-some year-old woman, a vegetable vendor in Shanghai, who loves singing Western opera, but she didn't understand any English or French or Italian, so she managed to fill in the lyrics with vegetable names in Chinese. (Laughter) And the last sentence of Nessun Dorma that she was singing in the stadium was "green onion for free." So [as] Susan Boyle was saying that, 80,000 live audience sang together. That was hilarious.
來蘇格蘭(做TED講演)的前夜,我被邀請去上海做”中國達(dá)人秀“決賽的評委。在裝有八萬現(xiàn)場觀眾的演播廳里,在臺上的表演嘉賓居然是(來自蘇格蘭的,因參加英國達(dá)人秀走紅的)蘇珊大媽(Susan Boyle)。我告訴她,“我明天就要啟程去蘇格蘭。” 她唱得很動聽,還對觀眾說了幾句中文,她并沒有說簡單的”你好“或者”謝謝“,她說的是——“送你蔥”(Song Ni Cong)。為什么?這句話其實(shí)來源于中國版的“蘇珊大媽”——一位五十歲的以賣菜為生,卻對西方歌劇有出奇愛好的上海中年婦女(蔡洪平)。這位中國的蘇珊大媽并不懂英文,法語或意大利文,所以她將歌劇中的詞匯都換做中文中的蔬菜名,并且演唱出來。在她口中,歌劇《圖蘭朵》的最后一句便是“Song Ni Cong”。當(dāng)真正的英國蘇珊大媽唱出這一句“中文的”《圖蘭朵》時(shí),全場的八萬觀眾也一起高聲歌唱,場面的確有些滑稽(hilarious)。
So I gueboth Susan Boyle and this vegetable vendor in Shanghai belonged to otherness. They were the least expected to be successful in the businecalled entertainment, yet their courage and talent brought them through. And a show and a platform gave them the stage to realize their dreams. Well, being different is not that difficult. We are all different from different perspectives. But I think being different is good, because you present a different point of view. You may have the chance to make a difference.
我想Susan Boyle和這位上海的買菜農(nóng)婦的確屬于人群中的少數(shù)。她們是最不可能在演藝界成功的,而她們的勇氣和才華讓她們成功了,這個(gè)節(jié)目和舞臺給予了她們一個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人夢想的機(jī)會。這樣看來,與眾不同好像沒有那么難。從不同的方面審視,我們每個(gè)人都是不同的。但是我想,與眾不同是一件好事,因?yàn)槟愦砹瞬灰粯拥挠^點(diǎn),你擁有了做改變的機(jī)會。
My generation has been very fortunate to witneand participate in the historic transformation of China that has made so many changes in the past 20, 30 years. I remember that in the year of 1990, when I was graduating from college, I was applying for a job in the sales department of the first five-star hotel in Beijing, Great Wall Sheraton -- it's still there. So after being interrogated by this Japanese manager for a half an hour, he finally said, "So, MiYang, do you have any questions to ask me?" I summoned my courage and poise and said, "Yes, but could you let me know, what actually do you sell?" I didn't have a clue what a sales department was about in a five-star hotel. That was the first day I set my foot in a five-star hotel.
我這一代中國人很幸運(yùn)的目睹并且參與了中國在過去二三十年中經(jīng)歷的巨變。我記得1990年,當(dāng)我剛大學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí),我申請了當(dāng)時(shí)北京的第一家五星級酒店——長城喜來登酒店的銷售部門的工作。這家酒店現(xiàn)在仍在北京。當(dāng)我被一位日本籍經(jīng)理面試了一個(gè)半小時(shí)之后,他問到,“楊小姐,你有什么想問我的嗎?”,我屏住呼吸,問道“是的,你能告訴我,具體我需要銷售些什么嗎?” 當(dāng)時(shí)的我,對五星級酒店的銷售部門沒有任何概念,事實(shí)上,那是我第一次進(jìn)到一家五星級酒店。
Around the same time, I was going through an audition -- the first ever open audition by national television in China -- with another thousand college girls. The producer told us they were looking for some sweet, innocent and beautiful fresh face. So when it was my turn, I stood up and said, "Why [do] women's personalities on television always have to be beautiful, sweet, innocent and, you know, supportive? Why can't they have their own ideas and their own voice?" I thought I kind of offended them. But actually, they were impressed by my words. And so I was in the second round of competition, and then the third and the fourth. After seven rounds of competition, I was the last one to survive it. So I was on a national television prime-time show. And believe it or not, that was the first show on Chinese television that allowed its hosts to speak out of their own minds without reading an approved script. (Applause) And my weekly audience at that time was between 200 to 300 million people.
我當(dāng)時(shí)也在參加另一嘲面試”,中國國家電視臺的首次公開試鏡,與我一起參與選拔的還有另外1000名大學(xué)女畢業(yè)生。節(jié)目制作人說,他們希望找到一位甜美,無辜(LOL),漂亮的新鮮面孔。輪到我的時(shí)候,我問道“為什么在電視屏幕上,女性總應(yīng)該表現(xiàn)出甜美漂亮,甚至是服從性的一面?為什么她們不能有她們自己的想法和聲音?“我覺得我的問題甚至有點(diǎn)冒犯到了他。但實(shí)際上,他們對我的表現(xiàn)印象深刻。我進(jìn)入了第二輪選拔,第三輪,第四輪,直至最后的第七場選拔,我是唯一一個(gè)走到最后的試鏡者。我從此走上了國家電視臺黃金時(shí)段的熒幕。你可能不相信,但在當(dāng)時(shí),我所主持的電視節(jié)目是中國第一個(gè),不讓主持人念已經(jīng)審核過的稿件的節(jié)目(掌聲)。我每周需要面對兩億到三億左右的電視觀眾。
Well after a few years, I decided to go to the U.S. and Columbia University to pursue my postgraduate studies, and then started my own media company, which was unthought of during the years that I started my career. So we do a lot of things. I've interviewed more than a thousand people in the past. And sometimes I have young people approaching me say, "Lan, you changed my life," and I feel proud of that. But then we are also so fortunate to witnethe transformation of the whole country. I was in Beijing's bidding for the Olympic Games. I was representing the Shanghai Expo. I saw China embracing the world and vice versa. But then sometimes I'm thinking, what are today's young generation up to? How are they different, and what are the differences they are going to make to shape the future of China, or at large, the world?
幾年以后,我決定來美國哥倫比亞大學(xué)繼續(xù)深造,之后也開始運(yùn)營自己的媒體公司,這也是我在職業(yè)生涯初始時(shí)所沒有預(yù)料到的。我的公司做很多不同的業(yè)務(wù),在過去這些年里,我訪談過一千多人。經(jīng)常有年輕人對我說,“楊瀾,你改變了我的人生”,我對此感到非常自豪。我也幸運(yùn)的目睹了整個(gè)國家的轉(zhuǎn)變:我參與了北京申奧和上海世博會。我看到中國在擁抱這個(gè)世界,而世界也進(jìn)一步的接受中國。但有時(shí)我也在想,今天的年輕人的生活是什么樣的?他們(與我們相比)有什么不同?他們將帶給中國,甚至整個(gè)世界的未來一些怎樣的變化?
So today I want to talk about young people through the platform of social media. First of all, who are they? [What] do they look like? Well this is a girl called Guo Meimei -- 20 years old, beautiful. She showed off her expensive bags, clothes and car on her microblog, which is the Chinese version of Twitter. And she claimed to be the general manager of Red Croat the Chamber of Commerce. She didn't realize that she stepped on a sensitive nerve and aroused national questioning, almost a turmoil, against the credibility of Red Cross. The controversy was so heated that the Red Crohad to open a preconference to clarify it, and the investigation is going on.
So far, as of today, we know that she herself made up that title -- probably because she feels proud to be associated with charity. All those expensive items were given to her as gifts by her boyfriend, who used to be a board member in a subdivision of Red Croat Chamber of Commerce. It's very complicated to explain. But anyway, the public still doesn't buy it. It is still boiling. It shows us a general mistrust of government or government-backed institutions, which lacked transparency in the past. And also it showed us the power and the impact of social media as microblog.
我想通過社交媒體來談一談中國的年輕人們。首先,他們是誰,他們是什么樣子?這是一位叫郭美美的女孩兒,20歲,年輕漂亮。她在中國版的Twitter上——新浪微博上,炫耀她所擁有的奢侈品,衣服,包和車。她甚至宣稱她是中國紅十字會的工作人員。她沒有意識到她的行為觸及了中國民眾極為敏感的神經(jīng),這引發(fā)了一場全民大討論,民眾開始質(zhì)疑紅十字會的公信力。中國紅十字會為了平息這場爭議甚至舉辦了一場記者會來澄清,直至今日,對于”郭美美事件“的調(diào)查仍在繼續(xù),但我們所知道的事實(shí)是,她謊報(bào)了她的頭銜,可能是因?yàn)樗奶摌s心,希望把自己和慈善機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)系起來。所有那些奢侈品都是她的男朋友給她買的,而那位”男朋友“的確曾經(jīng)是紅十字會的工作人員。這解釋起來很復(fù)雜,總之,公眾對他們的解釋仍然不滿意,這仍然是在風(fēng)口浪尖的一件事。這件事體現(xiàn)出(中國社會)對長期不透明的政府機(jī)關(guān)的不信任,同時(shí)也表現(xiàn)出社交媒體(微博)巨大的社會影響力。
Microblog boomed in the year of 20xx, with visitors doubled and time spent on it tripled. S, a major news portal, alone has more than 140 million microbloggers. On Tencent, 200 million. The most popular blogger -- it's not me -- it's a movie star, and she has more than 9.5 million followers, or fans. About 80 percent of those microbloggers are young people, under 30 years old. And because, as you know, the traditional media is still heavily controlled by the government, social media offers an opening to let the steam out a little bit. But because you don't have many other openings, the heat coming out of this opening is sometimes very strong, active and even violent.
微博在20xx年得到了爆炸性的增長,微博的訪問用戶增長了一倍,用戶的訪問時(shí)間是20xx年的三倍。新浪(S),一個(gè)最主要的微博平臺,擁有1.4億的微博用戶,而騰訊擁有兩億用戶。(在中國)最有名的微博主——不是我——是一位電影明星,她擁有近九百五十萬”粉絲“。接近80%的微博用戶是年輕人,三十歲以下。因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)媒體還在政府的強(qiáng)力控制之下,社交媒體提供了一個(gè)開放的平臺進(jìn)行了一些(民眾觀點(diǎn)的)分流。因?yàn)檫@樣分流的渠道并不多,從這個(gè)平臺上爆發(fā)出的能量往往非常強(qiáng)烈,有時(shí)候甚至過于強(qiáng)烈。
So through microblogging, we are able to understand Chinese youth even better. So how are they different? First of all, most of them were born in the 80s and 90s, under the one-child policy. And because of selected abortion by families who favored boys to girls, now we have ended up with 30 million more young men than women. That could pose a potential danger to the society, but who knows; we're in a globalized world, so they can look for girlfriends from other countries. Most of them have fairly good education. The illiteracy rate in China among this generation is under one percent. In cities, 80 percent of kids go to college. But they are facing an aging China with a population above 65 years old coming up with seven-point-some percent this year, and about to be 15 percent by the year of 2030. And you know we have the tradition that younger generations support the elders financially, and taking care of them when they're sick. So it means young couples will have to support four parents who have a life expectancy of 73 years old.
通過微博,我們可以更好的了解到中國的年輕一代。首先,他們中的大多數(shù)都出生在八零九零年代,在獨(dú)生子女的生育政策的大背景下長大。因?yàn)槠媚泻⒌募彝x擇性的墮胎,現(xiàn)在(中國)的年輕男性的數(shù)量多過年輕女性三千萬,這可能帶來社會的不穩(wěn)定(危險(xiǎn)),但是我們知道,在這個(gè)全球化的社會中,他們可能可以去其他國家找女朋友。大多數(shù)人都擁有良好的教育。這一代中國人中的文盲率已經(jīng)低于1%。在城市中,80%的孩子可以上大學(xué),但他們將要面對的是一個(gè),有接近7%的人口都是老年人的社會,這個(gè)數(shù)字會在2030年會增長到15%。在這個(gè)國家,傳統(tǒng)是讓年輕人來從經(jīng)濟(jì)上和醫(yī)療上來支持老年人,這意味著,一對年輕的夫妻將需要支持四個(gè)平均年齡是73歲的老人。
So ma-ki-ng a living is not that easy for young people. College graduates are not in short supply. In urban areas, college graduates find the starting salary is about 400 U.S. dollars a month, while the average rent is above $500. So what do they do? They have to share space -- squeezed in very limited space to save money -- and they call themselves "tribe of ants." And for those who are ready to get married and buy their apartment, they figured out they have to work for 30 to 40 years to afford their first apartment. That ratio in America would only cost a couple five years to earn, but in China it's 30 to 40 years with the skyrocketing real estate price.
所以對于年輕人而言,生活并不是容易。本科畢業(yè)生也不在是緊缺資源。在城市中,本科生的月起薪通常是400美元(2500人民幣),而公寓的平均月租金卻是500美元。所以他們的解決方式是合租——擠在有限的空間中以節(jié)省開支,他們叫自己”蟻?zhàn)濉?ldquo; 對于那些準(zhǔn)備好結(jié)婚并希望購買一套公寓的中國年輕夫婦而言,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們必須要不間斷的工作30到40年才可以負(fù)擔(dān)得起一套公寓。對于同樣的美國年輕夫婦而言,他們只需要五年時(shí)間。
Among the 200 million migrant workers, 60 percent of them are young people. They find themselves sort of sandwiched between the urban areas and the rural areas. Most of them don't want to go back to the countryside, but they don't have the sense of belonging. They work for longer hours with leincome, lesocial welfare. And they're more vulnerable to job losses, subject to inflation, tightening loans from banks, appreciation of the renminbi, or decline of demand from Europe or America for the products they produce. Last year, though, an appalling incident in a southern OEM manufacturing compound in China: 13 young workers in their late teens and early 20s committed suicide, just one by one like causing a contagious disease. But they died because of all different personal reasons. But this whole incident aroused a huge outcry from society about the isolation, both physical and mental, of these migrant workers.
在近兩億的涌入城市的農(nóng)民工中,他們中的60%都是年輕人。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被夾在了城市和農(nóng)村中,大多數(shù)人不愿意回到農(nóng)村,但他們在城市也找不到歸屬感。他們工作更長的時(shí)間卻獲得更少的薪水和社會福利。他們也更容易面臨失業(yè),受到通貨膨脹,銀行利率,人民幣升值的影響,甚至美國和歐盟對于中國制造產(chǎn)品的抵制也會影響到他們。去年,在中國南方的一個(gè)制造工廠里,有十三位年輕的工人選擇了結(jié)束自己的生命,一個(gè)接一個(gè),像一場傳染玻他們輕生的原因各有不同,但整個(gè)事件提醒了中國社會和政府,需要更多的關(guān)注這些在精神上和生理上都與外界脫節(jié)的年輕農(nóng)民工人。
For those who do return back to the countryside, they find themselves very welcome locally, because with the knowledge, skills and networks they have learned in the cities, with the assistance of the Internet, they're able to create more jobs, upgrade local agriculture and create new businein the ledeveloped market. So for the past few years, the coastal areas, they found themselves in a shortage of labor.
對于那些回到農(nóng)村的年輕人,他們所經(jīng)歷的城市生活,所學(xué)到的知識,技巧和建立的社會網(wǎng)絡(luò),讓他們通常更受歡迎。特別是在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的幫助下,他們更有可能獲得工作,提升農(nóng)村的農(nóng)業(yè)水平和發(fā)展新的商業(yè)機(jī)會。在過去的一些年中,一些沿海的城鎮(zhèn)甚至出現(xiàn)了勞動力短缺。
These diagrams show a more general social background. The first one is the Engels coefficient, which explains that the cost of daily necessities has dropped its percentage all through the past decade, in terms of family income, to about 37-some percent. But then in the last two years, it goes up again to 39 percent, indicating a rising living cost. The Gini coefficient has already passed the dangerous line of 0.4. Now it's 0.5 -- even worse than that in America -- showing us the income inequality. And so you see this whole society getting frustrated about losing some of its mobility. And also, the bitterneand even resentment towards the rich and the powerful is quite widespread. So any accusations of corruption or backdoor dealings between authorities or businewould arouse a social outcry or even unrest.
這些圖片展現(xiàn)出整體的社會背景。第一張圖片是恩格斯系數(shù)(食品支出占總消費(fèi)支出的比例),可以看到在過去的十年中,食物和生活必需品在家庭消費(fèi)中的比例有所下降(37%),然后在過去的兩年中,這項(xiàng)指數(shù)上升到39%,說明近兩年中生活成本的攀升。基尼系數(shù)早已越過了危險(xiǎn)的0.4,到達(dá)0.5——這甚至高過了美國——體現(xiàn)出極大的貧富差距,所以我們才看到整個(gè)社會的失衡。同時(shí),“仇富心態(tài)”也開始在整個(gè)社會蔓延,任何與腐-敗和走后門相關(guān)的政府或商業(yè)丑聞都會引發(fā)社會危機(jī)和不穩(wěn)定。
So through some of the hottest topics on microblogging, we can see what young people care most about. Social justice and government accountability runs the first in what they demand. For the past decade or so, a massive urbanization and development have let us witnea lot of reports on the forced demolition of private property. And it has aroused huge anger and frustration among our young generation. Sometimes people get killed, and sometimes people set themselves on fire to protest. So when these incidents are reported more and more frequently on the Internet, people cry for the government to take actions to stop this.
通過微博上很火的話題,我們可以看到年輕人的關(guān)注點(diǎn)。社會公正和政府的公信力是他們首要需求的。在過去的十年中,急速的城市化讓民眾讀到太多強(qiáng)制私人住戶拆遷的新聞,這引發(fā)了年輕一代的憤怒和不理解。有時(shí)候,被拆遷的住戶以自殺和自-焚的方式來抗-議(強(qiáng)制拆遷行為)。當(dāng)這些事件越來越常在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上被揭露出來,人們期待政府可以采取一些更積極的制止行動。
So the good news is that earlier this year, the state council passed a new regulation on house requisition and demolition and passed the right to order forced demolition from local governments to the court. Similarly, many other issues concerning public safety is a hot topic on the Internet. We heard about polluted air, polluted water, poisoned food. And guewhat, we have faked beef. They have sorts of ingredients that you brush on a piece of chicken or fish, and it turns it to look like beef. And then lately, people are very concerned about cooking oil, because thousands of people have been found [refining] cooking oil from restaurant slop. So all these things have aroused a huge outcry from the Internet. And fortunately, we have seen the government responding more timely and also more frequently to the public concerns.
好消息是,今年早些時(shí)候,人民代表大會通過了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于房屋征用和拆遷的新法規(guī),將征用和拆遷的權(quán)利從當(dāng)?shù)卣平坏搅朔ㄍァO嗤模芏嗥渌c公共安全相關(guān)的問題也在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上被熱烈討論。我們聽到有太多空氣污染,水污染,有毒食品的報(bào)道。你甚至都想不到,我們還有假牛肉。人們用一種特殊的材料加入雞肉和魚肉中,然后以牛肉的價(jià)格進(jìn)行出售。最近,人們對食用油也很擔(dān)憂,大量的餐館被發(fā)現(xiàn)在使用“地溝油“。所有這些事件引發(fā)了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上民眾觀點(diǎn)的大爆發(fā)。幸運(yùn)的是,我們看到了政府正在更積極和更及時(shí)的對這些民眾的質(zhì)疑給予回應(yīng)。
While young people seem to be very sure about their participation in public policy-ma-ki-ng, but sometimes they're a little bit lost in terms of what they want for their personal life. China is soon to pathe U.S. as the number one market for luxury brands -- that's not including the Chinese expenditures in Europe and elsewhere. But you know what, half of those consumers are earning a salary below 2,000 U.S. dollars. They're not rich at all. They're taking those bags and clothes as a sense of identity and social status. And this is a girl explicitly saying on a TV dating show that she would rather cry in a BMW than smile on a bicycle. But of course, we do have young people who would still prefer to smile, whether in a BMW or [on] a bicycle.
一方面,年輕人越來越積極的參與到公共事務(wù)中;另一方面,他們也在尋找或者說迷失與個(gè)人生活的價(jià)值和定位。中國很快就要超過美國,成為世界上第一大奢侈品消費(fèi)國——這還不包括中國人在國外的消費(fèi)。但你知道嗎,超過半數(shù)中國的奢侈品消費(fèi)者的(年)收入都低于兩千美元。他們其實(shí)并不富裕,他們用那些奢侈品牌的服裝和包體現(xiàn)身份和社會地位。這是一位在電視節(jié)目上公然表明,自己寧愿在寶馬車?yán)锟抟膊蛔谧孕熊嚭笮Φ哪贻p女孩。當(dāng)然,我們也有更多的年輕人,喜歡微笑,不管是在寶馬還是在自行車上。
So in the next picture, you see a very popular phenomenon called "naked" wedding, or "naked" marriage. It does not mean they will wear nothing in the wedding, but it shows that these young couples are ready to get married without a house, without a car, without a diamond ring and without a wedding banquet, to show their commitment to true love. And also, people are doing good through social media. And the first picture showed us that a truck caging 500 homeleand kidnapped dogs for food processing was spotted and stopped on the highway with the whole country watching through microblogging. People were donating money, dog food and offering volunteer work to stop that truck. And after hours of negotiation, 500 dogs were rescued. And here also people are helping to find missing children. A father posted his son's picture onto the Internet. After thousands of [unclear], the child was found, and we witnessed the reunion of the family through microblogging.
在下一幅圖中,你看到的是現(xiàn)在非常流行的”裸婚“,這并不代表這“裸露出席婚禮”,這體現(xiàn)的是年輕人愿意接受結(jié)婚不買房,不買車,不買鉆戒,甚至不辦婚宴的這個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí),作為對純樸的真愛的致敬。但同時(shí),人們也在通過社交媒體做一些善事。這副圖片里,這輛車上裝有500只被”綁架“來,準(zhǔn)備被送去屠宰的狗,這輛車被網(wǎng)友們發(fā)現(xiàn)后,人們開始通過微博關(guān)注事態(tài)的進(jìn)展,并且通過捐錢,捐食物和做義工來試圖攔截該車。在幾個(gè)小時(shí)的周旋后,這500條狗獲救并被放生。有更多的人在通過微博尋找丟失的孩子。一位父親將他失散的兒子的照片發(fā)布到微博上,在幾千條”轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)“之后,他的兒子被找到,家庭的團(tuán)聚也在微博上被報(bào)道出來。
So happineis the most popular word we have heard through the past two years. Happineis not only related to personal experiences and personal values, but also, it's about the environment. People are thinking about the following questions: Are we going to sacrifice our environment further to produce higher GDP? How are we going to perform our social and political reform to keep pace with economic growth, to keep sustainability and stability? And also, how capable is the system of self-correctneto keep more people content with all sorts of friction going on at the same time? I guethese are the questions people are going to answer. And our younger generation are going to transform this country while at the same time being transformed themselves.
Thank you very much.
“幸福(感)”是近兩年中國的流行詞匯。幸福感不僅僅與個(gè)人體驗(yàn)和價(jià)值觀相關(guān),更多的,它與環(huán)境息息相關(guān)。人們在思考:我們是否要犧牲環(huán)境來提升GDP?我們要怎樣進(jìn)行社會和政治體制的改革來應(yīng)對經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,保持穩(wěn)定性和可持續(xù)性發(fā)展?同時(shí),這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的自我修正能力是否足夠強(qiáng)大,是否能夠讓生活在其中的人民接受在前進(jìn)過程中的各種壓力和困難?我想這些都是中國人民需要回答的問題,而中國的年輕一代將在改變這個(gè)國家的過程中也改變自己。
TED演講集3則 篇2
我是個(gè)說書之人。在這里,我想和大家分享一些我本人的故事。一些關(guān)于所謂的“單一故事的危險(xiǎn)性”的經(jīng)歷。我成長在尼日利亞東部的一所大學(xué)校園里。我母親常說我從兩歲起就開始讀書。不過我認(rèn)為“四歲起”比較接近事實(shí)。所以我從小就開始讀書,讀的是英國和美國的兒童書籍。
我也是從小就開始寫作,當(dāng)我在七歲那年,開始強(qiáng)迫我可憐的母親閱讀我用鉛筆寫好的故事,外加上蠟筆描繪的插圖時(shí),我所寫的故事正如我所讀的故事那般,我故事里的人物們都是白皮膚、藍(lán)眼睛的。常在雪中嬉戲,吃著蘋果。而且他們經(jīng)常討論天氣,討論太陽出來時(shí),一切都多么美好。我一直寫著這樣故事,雖然說我當(dāng)時(shí)住在尼日利亞,并且從來沒有出過國。雖然說我們從來沒見過雪,雖然說我們實(shí)際上只能吃到芒果;雖然說我們從不討論天氣,因?yàn)楦緵]這個(gè)必要。
我故事里的人物們也常喝姜汁啤酒,因?yàn)槲宜x的那些英國書中的人物們常喝姜汁啤酒。雖然說我當(dāng)時(shí)完全不知道姜汁啤酒是什么東西。時(shí)隔多年,我一直都懷揣著一個(gè)深切的渴望,想嘗嘗姜汁啤酒的味道。不過這要另當(dāng)別論了。
這一切所表明的,正是在一個(gè)個(gè)的故事面前,我們是何等的脆弱,何等的易受影響,尤其當(dāng)我們還是孩子的時(shí)候,因?yàn)槲耶?dāng)時(shí)讀的所有書中只有外國人物,我因而堅(jiān)信:書要想被稱為書,就必須有外國人在里面,就必須是關(guān)于我無法親身體驗(yàn)的事情,而這一切都在我接觸了非洲書籍之后發(fā)生了改變。當(dāng)時(shí)非洲書并不多,而且他們也不像國外書籍那樣好找。 不過因?yàn)?和!之類的作家,我思維中對于文學(xué)的概念,產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)的改變。我意識到像我這樣的人---有著巧克力般的膚色和永遠(yuǎn)無法梳成馬尾辮的卷曲頭發(fā)的女孩們,也可以出現(xiàn)在文學(xué)作品中。
我開始撰寫我所熟知的事物,但這并不是說我不喜愛那些美國和英國書籍,恰恰相反,那些書籍激發(fā)了我的想象力,為我開啟了新的世界。但隨之而來的后果就是,我不知道原來像我這樣的人,也是可以存在于文學(xué)作品中的,而與非洲作家的結(jié)緣,則是將我從對于書籍的單一故事中拯救了出來。
我來自一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的尼日利亞中產(chǎn)家庭,我的父親是一名教授,我的母親是一名大學(xué)管理員。因此我們和很多其他家庭一樣,都會從附近的村莊中雇傭一些幫手來打理家事。在我八歲那一年,我們家招來了一位新的男仆。他的名字叫做FIDE.我父親只告訴我們說,他是來自一個(gè)非常窮苦的家庭,我母親會時(shí)不時(shí)的將山芋、大米,還有我們穿舊的衣服送到他的家里。每當(dāng)我剩下晚飯的時(shí)候,我的母親就會說:吃凈你的食物!難道你不知道嗎?像FIDE家這樣的人可是一無所有。因此我對他們家人充滿了憐憫。
后來的一個(gè)星期六,我們?nèi)IDE的村莊拜訪,他的母親向我們展示了一個(gè)精美別致的草籃----用FIDE的哥哥用染過色的酒椰葉編制的。我當(dāng)時(shí)完全被震驚了。我從來沒有想過FIDE的家人居然有親手制造東西的才能。在那之前,我對FIDE家唯一的了解就是他們是何等的窮困,正因?yàn)槿绱耍麄冊谖夷X中的印象只是一個(gè)字------“窮”。他們的貧窮是我賜予他們的單一故事。
多年以后,在我離開尼日利亞前往美國讀大學(xué)的時(shí)候,我又想到了這件事。我那時(shí)19歲,我的美國室友當(dāng)時(shí)完全對我感到十分驚訝了。他問我是從哪里學(xué)的講一口如此流利的英語,而當(dāng)我告知她尼日利亞剛巧是以英語作為官方語言的時(shí)候,她的臉上則是寫滿了茫然。她問我是否可以給她聽聽她所謂的“部落音樂”,可想而知,當(dāng)我拿出瑪麗亞凱莉的磁帶時(shí),她是何等的失望,她斷定我不知道如何使用電爐。
我猛然意識到“在他見到我之前,她就已經(jīng)對我充滿了憐憫之心。她對我這個(gè)非洲人的預(yù)設(shè)心態(tài)是一種充滿施恩與好意的憐憫之情。我那位室友的腦中有一個(gè)關(guān)于非洲的單一故事。一個(gè)充滿了災(zāi)難的單一故事。在這個(gè)單一的故事中,非洲人是完全沒有可能在任何方面和她有所相似的;沒有可能接收到比憐憫更復(fù)雜的感情;沒有可能以一個(gè)平等的人類的身份與她溝通。
我不得不強(qiáng)調(diào),在我前往美國之前,我從來沒有有意識的把自己當(dāng)做個(gè)非洲人。但在美國的時(shí)候,每當(dāng)人們提到”非洲“時(shí),大家都會轉(zhuǎn)向我,雖然我對納米比亞之類的地方一無所知。但我漸漸的開始接受這個(gè)新的身份,現(xiàn)在很多時(shí)候我都是把自己當(dāng)做一個(gè)非洲人來看待。不過當(dāng)人們把非洲當(dāng)做一個(gè)國家來討論的時(shí)候,我還是覺得挺反感的。最近的一次例子就發(fā)生在兩天前,我從拉各斯搭乘航班,旅程原本相當(dāng)愉快,直到廣播里開始介紹在”印度、非洲以及其他國家”所進(jìn)行的慈善事業(yè)。
當(dāng)我以一名非洲人的身份在美國讀過幾年之后,我開始理解我那位室友當(dāng)時(shí)對我的反應(yīng)。如果我不是在尼日利亞長大,如果我對非洲的一切認(rèn)識都是來自于大眾流行的影像,我相信我眼中的非洲也同樣是充滿了美麗的地貌、美麗的動物,以及一群難以理解的人們進(jìn)行著毫無意義的戰(zhàn)爭、死于艾滋和貧窮、無法為自己辯護(hù),并且等待著一位慈悲的、白種的外國人的救贖,我看待非洲的方式將會和我兒時(shí)看待FIDE一家的方式是一樣的。
我認(rèn)為關(guān)于非洲的這個(gè)單一故事從根本上來自于西方的文學(xué)。這是來自倫敦商人John Locke的一段話。他在1561年的時(shí)候,曾游歷非洲西部,并且為他的航行做了翻很有趣的記錄。他先是把黑色的非洲人稱為“沒有房子的野獸”,隨后又寫道:“他們也是一群無頭腦的人,他們的嘴和眼睛都長在了他們的胸口上。”
我每次讀到這一段的時(shí)候,都不禁大笑起來。他的想象力真的是讓人敬佩。但關(guān)于他的作品極其重要的一點(diǎn)是它昭示著西方社會講述非洲故事的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng),在這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)中,撒哈拉以南的非洲充滿了消極、差異以及黑暗,是偉大的詩人Rudyard Kipling筆下所形容的“半惡魔、半孩童”的奇異人種。
正因?yàn)槿绱耍议_始意識到我的那位美國室友一定在她的成長過程中,看到并且聽過關(guān)于這個(gè)單一故事的不同版本,就如同之前一位曾經(jīng)批判我的小說缺乏“真實(shí)的非洲感”的教授一樣。話說我倒是甘愿承認(rèn)我的小說有幾處寫的不好的地方,有幾處敗筆,但我很難想象我的小說既然會缺乏“真實(shí)的非洲感”。事實(shí)上,我甚至不知道真實(shí)的非洲感到底是個(gè)什么東西。那位教授跟我說我書中的人物都和他太相近了,都是受過教育的中產(chǎn)人物。我的人物會開車,他們沒有受到饑餓的困擾。正因此,他們?nèi)狈α苏鎸?shí)的非洲感。
我在這里不得不指出,我本人也常常被單一的故事蒙蔽雙眼。幾年前,我從美國探訪墨西哥,當(dāng)時(shí)美國的政治氣候比較緊張。關(guān)于移民的辯論一直在進(jìn)行著。而在美國,“移民”和“墨西哥人”常常被當(dāng)做同義詞來使用。關(guān)于墨西哥人的故事是源源不絕,講的都是欺詐醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)、偷渡邊境、在邊境被捕之類的事情。
我還記得當(dāng)我到達(dá)瓜達(dá)拉哈拉的第一天,看著人們前往工作,在市集上吃著墨西哥卷、抽著煙、大笑著,我記得我剛看到這一切時(shí)是何等的驚訝,但隨后我的心中便充滿了羞恥感。我意識到我當(dāng)時(shí)完全被沉浸在媒體上關(guān)于墨西哥人的報(bào)道,以致于他們在我的腦中幻化成一個(gè)單一的個(gè)體---卑賤的移民。我完全相信了關(guān)于墨西哥人的單一故事,對此我感到無比的羞愧。這就是創(chuàng)造單一故事的過程,將一群人一遍又一遍地呈現(xiàn)為一個(gè)事物,并且只是一個(gè)事物,時(shí)間久了,他們就變成了那個(gè)事物。
而說到單一的故事,就自然而然地要講到權(quán)力這個(gè)問題。每當(dāng)我想到這個(gè)世界的權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候,我都會想起一個(gè)伊傅語中的單詞,叫做“nkali”,它是一個(gè)名詞,可以在大意上被翻譯成”比另一個(gè)人強(qiáng)大。”就如同我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治界一樣,我們所講的故事也是建立在它的原則上的。這些故事是怎樣被講述的、由誰來講述、何時(shí)被講述、有多少故事被講述,這一切都取決于權(quán)力。
TED演講集3則 篇3
丘吉爾說:成功的秘訣就是:堅(jiān)持、堅(jiān)持、再堅(jiān)持
股神”巴菲特成功的秘訣:耐力勝過腦力
朱熹:立志不堅(jiān),終不濟(jì)事。
毛澤東:茍有恒,何必三更起五更眠;最無益,只怕一日曝十日寒
…….
這樣的名言警句我年青時(shí)背過不少,但回頭想想,什么也沒有堅(jiān)持下來什么,除了每天看兩三個(gè)TED演講堅(jiān)持了多年,并通過TEDtoChina分享給更多人,算來現(xiàn)在也有一千多個(gè)演講了,從個(gè)人開拓視野,思考新知的角度來說,這是一種成功。
關(guān)于意志力、持久心對于『成功』的影響大多是一兩句的泛泛而談,很少有人從心理學(xué)或者統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上做深入研究。在20xx年的TED教育專題上Angela Lee就分享了她在這方面的研究。
Angela在27歲時(shí)辭去很悲催的管理咨詢工作,轉(zhuǎn)而到紐約公立學(xué)校教七年級數(shù)學(xué)。她發(fā)現(xiàn)最好和最差學(xué)生的差異并不僅僅是智商,堅(jiān)韌的性格起很大作用,幾年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)使她相信:我們的教育所需要的是一種對學(xué)生、對學(xué)習(xí)更好的理解—— 從動機(jī)的角度、 從心理的角度去理解,而不僅僅是智商單一的維度。后來Angela繼續(xù)她的心理學(xué)博士學(xué)習(xí),研究兒童與成人在各種艱巨挑戰(zhàn)中的表現(xiàn),看誰會成功?為什么會成功?
她和研究團(tuán)隊(duì)去西點(diǎn)軍校,嘗試預(yù)測哪些學(xué)員能通過軍事訓(xùn)練,哪些會放棄;去看全國拼字比賽,預(yù)測哪些孩子能在比賽中笑到最后;研究在非常艱苦的環(huán)境下工作的新教師,預(yù)測哪些教師能堅(jiān)持這份職業(yè),預(yù)測哪些教師教出的學(xué)生成績的提高最為顯著;她和公司合作預(yù)測哪些銷售人員能保住飯碗?誰能賺最多錢?… …在不同的背景下,她發(fā)現(xiàn)意志力指標(biāo)是觀測重點(diǎn),而非社交能力、美麗的外貌、健康的身體,更不是智商。
意志力是什么?是面對長遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)時(shí)的熱情和毅力,是有耐力的表現(xiàn),是日復(fù)一日依然對未來堅(jiān)信不已——不只是這周、 不只是這個(gè)月,而是年復(fù)一年地用心、努力工作來實(shí)現(xiàn)所堅(jiān)信的那個(gè)未來。意志力是將生活看作是一場馬拉松而非短跑。
Angela在芝加哥公立學(xué)校研究意志力時(shí)請數(shù)以千計(jì)高中生填寫關(guān)于意志力的問卷,然后等了大約一年多看看誰會畢業(yè)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),意志力越堅(jiān)定的孩子畢業(yè)的可能性明顯越高,而家庭收入,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測驗(yàn)的分?jǐn)?shù)等指標(biāo)則的相關(guān)性則沒那么強(qiáng)。她的調(diào)查資料非常清楚地揭示有很多才華橫溢的人并不能堅(jiān)持到底。事實(shí)上,意志力通常與才華無關(guān),有時(shí)甚至成反比。
意志力不僅僅對學(xué)校學(xué)生重要,創(chuàng)業(yè)者、普通員工任何人都很重要。在我組織TEDx活動時(shí)認(rèn)識很多NGO從業(yè)者、創(chuàng)業(yè)者、藝術(shù)家、成功企業(yè)家等,他們都是有故事的人,在和他們的訪談中,他們都有一個(gè)共通點(diǎn):不懈的堅(jiān)持、強(qiáng)大的意志力讓他們成為與眾不同的、脫穎而出的一群人。
意志力如此重要,如何鍛煉加強(qiáng)這種性格要素?科學(xué)界對于如何鍛煉意志力知之甚少。家長經(jīng)常問老師 “如何鍛煉孩子們的意志力? 我怎么教會孩子堅(jiān)實(shí)的職業(yè)道德? 怎樣才能讓他們有長遠(yuǎn)的動力?” 這個(gè)沒人能回答,如果哪位家長來問我,我會反問:您為人父母,你有意志力嘛?您能給孩子做個(gè)意志力的榜樣嗎?我相信父母是培養(yǎng)孩子意志力的第一責(zé)任人。
關(guān)于鍛煉孩子們的意志, 到目前為止最好的理論斯坦福大學(xué)Carol Dweck教授的“成長型思維模式”理論,這個(gè)理論相信學(xué)習(xí)的能力不是一成不變的,它會由于你的努力發(fā)生變化。當(dāng)孩子們在學(xué)習(xí)大腦的相關(guān)知識,以及大腦在面對挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)會怎樣變化和成長時(shí),他們更有可能在失敗時(shí)繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持,因?yàn)樗麄儾幌嘈潘麄冇肋h(yuǎn)會失敗。
這個(gè)TED演講人Angela也令人欽佩,她在研究學(xué)生意志力項(xiàng)目上堅(jiān)持多年,看看她其中跨越一年的高中生畢業(yè)項(xiàng)目就知道,她有不懈的意志,做研究也需要這樣的耐力,這個(gè)是我們很多研究人員缺乏的。
意志力決定你的未來。Grit is sticking with your future — day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years — and working really hard to make that future a reality 不懈的意志,我缺,我太缺了!我是反面教材。
TED演講集3則 篇4
大家好!今天我演講的題目是《祖國在我心中》。
如果我問你,你最愛誰?是親人,朋友,父母還是自己呢?當(dāng)你選擇的時(shí)候,你可想過是誰孕育了我們;是誰歷盡千辛萬苦,不怕風(fēng)吹雨打捍衛(wèi)著我們,是祖國,是祖國母親。祖國,我愛您!
千百年來,祖國母親含辛受苦,歷盡磨難才換來今天輝煌成績。1949年10月1日,在天安門城樓上,那一聲:“中華人民共和國在今天成立了!”使多少中國人心沸騰起來!是多少中國人渴望的一天。祖國母親您終于站起來了!
祖國錦繡的山川,悠久的文化孕育了堅(jiān)強(qiáng)勇敢、樂觀向上、積極進(jìn)取的中華兒女,他們用智慧和血汗書寫了輝煌的篇章,深受人們愛戴。民族英雄林則徐,虎門銷煙之壯舉流芳百世。他為了中國人民的健康和幸福,親自監(jiān)督指揮銷毀鴉片,不再讓害群之馬進(jìn)入百姓家的門;第一個(gè)在奧運(yùn)會上奪得金牌的人——許海峰;第一個(gè)乘坐載人飛船升空的中國人——楊利偉;第一個(gè)實(shí)行改革開放的總工程師——鄧小平有這樣的前輩,我感到非常驕傲、非常自豪。
歷經(jīng)滄桑的祖國母親今天已經(jīng)62個(gè)歲了,他帶領(lǐng)我們走過62個(gè)歲月,祖國母親你一直用心捍衛(wèi)著我們。如今,我們必須用實(shí)際行動報(bào)答對你深深的愛意,那就是像周恩來爺爺所說的“為中華之崛起而讀書”,所以我們要努力學(xué)習(xí),有健康的體魄,成為國家未來的棟梁。讓我我們一起努力,讓我們深情地說:“祖國母親,我愛您!”
TED演講集3則 篇5
親愛的老師,同學(xué)們:
大家好,今天我要演講的題目是《保護(hù)環(huán)境人人有責(zé)》。
社會在進(jìn)步,祖國在發(fā)展,我們生活的環(huán)境也在發(fā)生著巨大地變化。你瞧:原來蔚藍(lán)的天空,潔白的云朵,燦爛的陽光,清新的空氣,茂密的樹林,清澈的河水……這一切都已經(jīng)改變了原來的模樣。
這些樹木都到哪里去了呢?是人們用這些樹木有的蓋成了一棟棟樓房,有的做成了各式各樣的家具,還有的隨著煙囪冒出的滾滾濃煙而消失得無影無蹤了!無知的人們哪,你們把一棵棵樹砍光了,使得裸露的土地不斷擴(kuò)大,空氣得不到凈化,人們因此就呼吸不到清新的空氣;啄木鳥、杜鵑、毛毛蟲等動物們也因此沒有了自己的家園,多可憐呀!隨著人們生活水平的提高,家家戶戶有了汽車,在我們享受汽車帶來舒適方便的同時(shí),汽車排放的尾氣也嚴(yán)重污染著環(huán)境。工廠廢水廢物隨意排放丟棄,使得河水不再清澈見底,變得又骯又臭。
同學(xué)們,保護(hù)環(huán)境,人人有責(zé)。讓我們行動起來,從我做起,從現(xiàn)在做起,從身邊的小事做起,保護(hù)地球母親,還大地一片綠色。我相信未來一定是天更藍(lán),山更綠,水更清。