關于北京十三陵的導游詞(精選9篇)
關于北京十三陵的導游詞 篇1
現在大家已經來到了北京的遠郊昌平區,那即將進入的就是十三陵景區。利用這段時間,我來給大家講解一下十三陵的歷史背景和說明。
大宮門就是陵墓區的正門兒,也叫大紅門。門是南向的,分三洞,在這個門里邊就是陵墓區。在門兩側都有刻著“官員人等至此下馬”的下馬碑,因為當時規定這些人進入陵區都是要步行,否則可是要治罪的。而且這里也是禁區,不是一般老百姓可以隨便進入的地方,嚴重的是要被斬首的。而進了這個門兒,也就走進了貫穿陵園南北,能夠直接通到長陵陵門的神道,明朝的神道,也是我國歷代修建的帝王陵中神道最長的,其實他的主要作用就是讓皇帝靈魂通過的地方,全長有7公里。
我們一邊走著,就可以看到前邊有一個碑亭。這個碑亭是重檐歇山頂的建筑,里邊有赑屃馱著巨碑,這個就是長陵的神功頌德碑,正式建立于1435年,正面就是永樂皇帝的長子朱高熾寫的頌德碑文,有3000多字,而背面則是在乾隆五十年撰寫的《哀明陵三十韻》,里邊詳細記錄了陵墓的破損情況。碑身的東面是清政府修繕陵墓的花費,西側則是在嘉慶九年論述明王朝滅亡的原因。
過了碑亭,我們繼續沿著神道行走,會發現在神路兩側,都有很多石雕。其實這里一共有36座石雕,叫做石像生。緊挨著碑亭后邊的是兩根石望柱,接下來就是獅子、獬豸、駱駝、大象、麒麟、馬,各有四匹,按照先臥后立的順序排列。然后是武臣、文臣和勛臣各有四人。修建這些,都是為了體現帝王生前的儀仗和死后的尊嚴。所以體積都非常大,雕刻的都非常精細。而且這些也都象征著皇帝在生前可以得到尊崇,到了死后也是同樣得到尊崇。,各方神圣和文武百官還是要為我獨尊。
再往前走,就可以看到一座欞星門,也叫龍鳳門,取天門之意。在這個三門六柱的門中央位置上,有三個火焰寶珠,所以這里也被叫做火焰牌坊。
我們其實一直都是沿著神道來前進的,來回顧一下,先是石牌坊,然后到了大宮門,現在我們就要已經進入了長陵了。碑亭,石象生,過了龍鳳門,還有一段路程就可以到達長陵的陵門了。而我們所說的整個陵墓群的中軸線其實也就是這條貫穿陵園南北,全長共7公里的神道。
關于北京十三陵的導游詞 篇2
各位親愛的朋友,我是旅行社導游小王,首先我代表旅行社歡迎大家!今天我們將要參觀的景點是十三陵,它是著名的一個皇帝陵墓群,里面涉及到豐富的歷史知識,所以請大家仔細聆聽導游詞介紹。
明十三陵是世界上埋葬皇帝最多、保存最完整的古代皇帝陵墓群,陵區內葬的是明朝的十三位皇帝,二十三位皇后及諸多嬪妃、太子和公主等。好了,說到這里可能大家有疑問了,明朝總共十六位皇帝呀,為什么是十三陵呢?請聽導游詞講解。是這樣的,明朝開國時定都南京,所以皇帝朱元璋葬在南京,而他的孫子朱允炆被朱棣奪去皇位之后,不知所蹤,也無法建陵。還有后來的景泰皇帝,他與兄弟爭奪皇位,最后被降級為王,失去了資格。所以今天的十三陵里面埋葬的只有十三位皇帝。大家了解了嗎?
各位現在往這邊看——這是十三陵的標志性建筑物石牌坊,至今已有四百多年歷史了。現在往前看,這是十三陵的正門——大宮門,皇帝每次祭陵就要在大宮門前下馬進入。
好了,我們面前的就是長陵了。長陵是朱棣和徐皇后的陵墓,也是最大、年代最久的陵墓。接著看到的是定陵,我們進定陵地宮看一看。這地宮總面積為1195平方米,分為前、中、后、左、右五個大殿。現在我們看到的就是地宮的精華部分了,這些全部都是皇帝生前的用品,珍貴奢侈,大家都嘆為觀止了吧!
說到長陵,它是明十三陵中的第一座陵,始建于1409年,在1416年全部建成,是明成祖永樂皇帝朱棣和徐皇后的合葬墓。朱棣是明太祖朱元璋的第四個兒子,當朱元璋死后,朱棣就以靖難為名,從北平發兵攻下南京,并且從當時的皇帝朱允文手中奪得了皇位,改年號為永樂,這件事歷史上稱之為靖難之役。朱棣是一位很了不起的皇帝,當了皇帝以后仍然為了鞏固明朝的統治而連年征戰,并且在1420年做出了遷都北京的重大決定。在他所統治的明朝年間,國庫充實,政局穩定,而且還命人寫作了《永樂大典》這部我國歷史上最大的類書,派鄭和七下西洋,發展了各國之間友好關系。而他的賢內助徐皇后,也就是明朝開國元勛徐達的女兒也是一位有中國古典美的女性,她曾經編寫了《內訓》和《勸善》用以化育人心,在用了五年的時候病逝了。值得一提的是葬入長陵的第一個人并不是朱棣,而是徐皇后。長陵共占地10公頃,中軸線由陵恩門,陵恩殿,明樓,寶城和寶頂共同組成。陵墓共有三進院,第一進院是從陵門道陵恩門,可以看到左右兩側各有一個小碑亭,但當時上面都沒有文字,現在的文字是清順治皇帝寫上的。陵恩殿坐落在陵墓的第二進院落中,在1412,明永樂十四年建成,是供奉牌位和舉行祭祀活動的地方。它面闊九間,進深五間,是重檐廡殿頂的建筑,殿內有60根楠木柱,中間的四根直徑都達到了一米以上,是國內最好的楠木殿。原來陵恩殿中陳列有大佛龕,現在已經沒有了,取而代之的是后人制作的永樂皇帝坐像,大家可以繞道坐像的后邊來看一下,可以看到椅背上刻有一條龍,而龍頭則正對著萬歷皇帝的頭部,這象征著皇帝是真龍天子。而四周則是出土文物的展覽。
接下來大家自由活動,下午5點前集合回去。有誰還想更仔細看看導游詞的嗎?好了,感謝大家,祝大家有愉快的一天!
關于北京十三陵的導游詞 篇3
明十三陵位于北京市昌平區北部天壽山下,因明代遷都北京后,有十三位皇帝埋葬于此,故稱十三陵。自明永樂七年(1409)開始建長陵,到清朝順治初年建思陵,在方圓80平方公里的陵區范圍內,共埋葬了明朝十三位皇帝,二十三位皇后,此外還有眾多的嬪妃,太子,公主,叢葬宮女等。營建時間前后達200余年,形成了體系完整,規模宏大,氣勢磅礴的陵寢建筑群,也是世界上保存完整,埋葬皇帝較多的墓葬群。
明成祖朱棣選定在北京營造皇陵,主要有兩個原因:首先,政治方面。北京是朱棣經營多年的根據地,所以自從他登基起,就計劃者遷都北京,故而皇陵隨之建在北京,也是順理成章的事:其次,戰略方面。明朝初年,蒙古等的殘余勢力逃到漠北,成為明朝北方的一個長期威脅。若身處南京,未免有些鞭長莫及,難以達到控制北方局勢的目的。所以,朱棣遷都北京的同時在北京卜選陵址,是極具戰略意圖的舉措,這對明朝疆域的鞏固也的確起了非常重要的作用。朱棣的決策影響可謂深遠。
永樂五年(公元l20xx年),永樂皇帝的皇后徐氏去世,朱棣命禮部,,工部及術士風水先生等人前往北京一帶開始選擇萬年吉壤”。先后曾指定潭柘寺,燕家臺,屠家營等處,朱棣都不滿意。后來在江西術士廖均卿的推薦下,選中了昌平這塊風水吉壤。整個陵區東,西,北三面群山如拱似屏,南面龍山,虎山分列左右,構成天然門戶。陵區大宮門正好建在兩山之間,門里是一片開闊的盆地。整個陵區以長陵位關鍵,以大宮門一一長陵一線為中軸線。北面以天壽山為鎮山,東面有蟒山,西面有虎峪,正和風水左青龍,右白虎的說法。再加陵區內溫榆河從西北蜿蜒流向東南,形成陵區的抱水,的確是一塊風水寶地”。
自永樂七年(公元l420xx年)正式在此建長陵,到1644年明王朝滅亡,明十三陵的營造工程,歷經了二百多年,從沒間斷。十三陵以時間先后,依次為:長陵,獻陵,景陵,裕陵,茂陵,泰陵,康陵,永陵,昭陵,定陵,慶陵,德陵,思陵。除以上十三位皇帝外,陵內還葬有皇后23人,皇貴妃1人,及殉葬宮人數十人。另外還有7座妃墳園寢和1座太監墓。由于十三陵中的第一個陵是長陵一一永樂帝朱棣和皇后徐氏的合葬墓,因此長陵的中軸線也就是自然成為整個陵區的中軸線。
(今日十三陵)
1992年,在北京旅游世界之最”的評定中,專家學者對十三陵的判定語為世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群”。20xx年7月,明十三陵被聯合國教科文組織列入《世界遺產名錄》明清皇家陵寢的擴展項目。《世界遺產名錄》對它的評價如下:明清皇家陵寢依照風水理論,精心選址,將數量眾多的建筑物巧妙的安置于地下。它是人類改變自然的產物,體現了傳統的建筑裝飾思想,闡釋了封建中國持續了500余年的世界觀和權力觀。”
(石牌坊)
石牌坊位于神道最南端,建于嘉靖十九年(公元l540年),是陵區的標志。石牌坊青白石料組裝雕琢而成。體量巨大,其結構為五間六柱十一樓。其高14米,寬28.86米,是我國現存營造時間最早,建筑等級最高的大型仿木結構的石牌坊。牌坊的夾桿石,四面有浮雕,刻有八對獅子滾繡球和十六條云龍的圖案。
(大紅門)
大宮門是陵墓區的正門,俗稱大紅門”。門向南,分三洞,是陵區的總門戶。它位于虎山,龍山之間一高崗上,距石牌坊1.25千米。門口左右立下馬碑二方,正面刻有官員人等至此下馬”八個字。當時奉旨官員到這里,文官下轎,武官下馬,皆由步行進入陵區,否則以大不敬論罪。《大明律》還規定,陵區內一草一木都不得擅動,否則以謀毀山陵”論罪,且山嶺內盜砍樹木者斬,家屬發配從軍”。
(長陵神功圣德碑)
沿中軸線向北距大宮門0.6千米,就是長陵神功圣德碑碑亭。碑亭是重檐歇山式建筑,正方形,四面劈門,高約三丈,建于宣德十年(1435年)。亭內是明成祖永樂帝朱棣的神功勝德碑。碑身正面刻的是明成祖長子一一仁宗朱高熾撰寫德神功勝德碑文,碑文有3000多字。碑的背面刻有的是乾隆五十年(公元1785年),清高宗撰寫的《哀明陵三十韻》,詳細記述了長陵,水陵,定陵,思陵幾座陵墓的殘破狀況。碑東側刻有清政府修明陵的花費記錄。碑西側刻有嘉慶九年(公元1820xx年),清仁宗論述明亡國的教訓得失。長陵的神功勝德碑是十三陵唯一刻有碑文的陵碑,其他各陵碑都均沒有刻字。
碑亭四隅各立一座高10.81米的漢白玉華表。這四座華表為墓前標志,也是附屬碑亭的裝飾性建筑。
大宮門后的大道叫神道,又稱陵道。神道縱貫陵園南北,全長7.3公里,向北直達長陵陵門。在碑亭北側,各有一列石雕群,統稱石像生。在陵墓前設置石像生的儀制始于秦漢,以象征死者生前儀衛。此后歷代君王沿用不絕,只是神獸形象和數量有所不同。
(石像生)
明十三陵的石像生沿用明孝陵的規制,但增加了4尊功臣像。長陵石像生以一對石望柱開始,其后800米的神道上排列有石獸12對,石人6對。石獸每種兩對,獅子,獬豸(xiezhi),駱駝,麒麟,馬,象,各四匹,兩臥兩立分左右排列在神道兩側。石獅的形象威武雄壯,凜然不可侵犯。陵前置獅子為鎮物,用以驅區避邪;獬豸是傳說中象征公平正義的神獸,它被認為能辨曲直”,有觸不直者”的能力,在此也起著保護帝王的作用。駱駝為沙漠之舟,象征運輸。大象聰明溫和,力大無比,象征祥瑞,且帝王生前儀仗也多用大象。麒麟,是傳說中的神獸,古人認為如有麒麟出現,則是帝王有圣德,天下太平的象征。在神道上設置麒麟有歌功頌德之意。石馬多被置于陵墓前,原因是皇帝生前儀仗中必有仗馬。石人6對,文臣,武臣,勛臣各四人,分別象征帝王朝會中的各級官員,將軍和有功之臣。這些石聲像建于宣德十年(公元1435年)。
(欞星門)
石聲像的北端是一座玲瓏別致的欞星門。古人認為圣殿之有欞星門,蓋尊圣門如天門也”。故用欞星命名的門成為一種象征,比作天宮之門。此處欞星門為三開間,門上中間各飾有火焰珠寶,因此又俗稱火焰牌坊”,也叫龍風門。
關于北京十三陵的導游詞 篇4
現在大家已經來到了北京的遠郊昌平區,那即將進入的就是十三陵景區。利用這段時間,我來給大家講解一下十三陵的歷史背景和說明。
明朝永樂皇帝朱棣在1407年派了一些風水術士到北京選擇“吉壤”,其實就是吉祥的土地,準備修建陵寢。當時這些人找了很多地方,但是都不成功,開始他們選在了口外的屠家營,可是皇帝姓朱,與豬同音,犯了地諱。然后又選在了昌平西南的羊山腳下,可是后面有個村子叫“狼口峪”,這樣豈不是更危險!后來選過京西的“燕家臺”,有與“宴駕”同音,太不吉利了。最后直到明永樂七年,才選定了現在的這片天壽山陵區,在周圍有蟒山,虎峪,龍山和天壽山。這里正符合了陰陽五行中四方之神的所在位置,就是東青龍,西白虎,南朱雀,北玄武,還有溫榆河經過這里,真可以說是風水寶地。從此可見當時皇帝要為自己修建一個陵寢要耗費多少精力啊。隨后,就開始修建了長陵,經過四年終于竣工了。那明朝歷代的皇帝,也陸續在這里修建了陵寢。而且從1409修建長陵一直到1644年明王朝滅亡,這200多年間,明十三陵的營建工程從來沒有間斷過。在這方圓40平方公里的范圍,埋葬了明代十三位皇帝,二十三位皇后,還有許多的妃子,太子等等。可是這里也沒能夠完整的保留下來,在清兵入關以后,為了報復金人將清太祖的祖墳毀掉,所以就將這里燒了。后來在乾隆五十年的時候,為了籠絡漢人,就下令修繕陵區。在新中國成立以后,對這里進行了大規模的開發,并且開放了的長陵、定陵和昭陵,其中定陵的地宮已經被發掘了。現在這里已經成為了全國重點風景名勝區,是世界上保存完整、埋葬皇帝最多的墓葬群。現在大家可能在想:明朝不是有十六個皇帝么?怎么在這里只有十三個皇帝的陵寢?其實原因很簡單,明太祖朱元璋因為建都南京,所以他的陵墓當然就在南京啦,也就是明孝陵;而明朝第二個皇帝建文帝,因為被朱棣奪取了皇位,尸骨下落不明,所以這里就沒有他的陵墓;在明朝第七代皇帝英宗的時候,他曾經被宦官王振慫恿,率軍親征,后來在河北懷來的土木堡被瓦刺軍俘虜,這個事件稱為“土木之變”,一國不能無君,所以他的兄弟就被冊封為景泰帝,而后又上演了英宗重新奪取皇位的“奪門之變”,所以在十三陵中沒有景泰帝的陵墓,他以親王的禮節被安葬在西郊的金山口。這樣一來,大家一定都明白了為什么這里叫做十三陵了。
現在大家沿途看到的這一個石牌坊,就是陵區的標志,是嘉靖年間制造的。這個牌坊是5間6柱11樓,高有14米,寬達到了28.86米,是現在國內保存下來最大、最精美的石牌坊,上邊的圖案裝飾也都是云龍圖案,反映了皇家建筑的特點。
在中殿后面的就是后殿,它是地宮中最大的一個殿,高大9.5米,長31米,寬9.1米,地面上鋪設的是磨光的花斑石。在后殿中設有白石鑲邊的棺床一座,中央有一個長型方孔,中間填的是黃土,也就是選擇墓穴時的第一鏟黃土,叫做金井,它是整座陵寢建筑格局的基本點。在棺槨四周和棺槨內放有玉石,或者在死者口中含有玉石,稱為玉葬。之所以這樣,是因為古人認為金井可以溝通陰陽,交流生氣,而玉葬能夠保持尸體不腐爛。金井玉葬在明清兩代是最高等級的葬禮。當然這些都是古人的理想而已,沒有什么科學根據。在棺床的上安放有萬歷皇帝和兩位皇后的棺槨,還有裝隨葬品的26個木箱。
按照皇帝陵寢的規置,后殿只是安放皇帝棺槨用的,那為什么兩個皇后的棺槨也出現在這里呢?這個現象在史料中是沒有明確記載的,可是根據專家推測:在萬歷四十八年的時候,先是孝端皇后病逝,接著七月就是萬歷皇帝去世,而他的兒子朱常洛也在即位29天死于紅丸案,在這短短百日之內,死了兩位皇帝,一位皇后,還有孝靖皇后還要遷葬,這么巨大的任務都壓在了剛剛即位的皇帝朱由校身上,所以準備工作十分的倉促。而且當時正好是雨季,安放皇后的配殿不方便打開,于是皇帝皇后的棺槨就都從正門進去了。可是到了地宮發現配殿的甬道太窄了,皇后的棺槨進不去,所以只好將它們一并放入了后殿當中。現在大家可以明白地宮中棺槨的擺設呈這樣是怎樣一回事兒了吧。那好,現在就請大家跟隨我走出地宮。
隨著參觀定陵的活動結束,我們今天的明十三陵之行也將近尾聲了,相信大家一定都為這座巨大的帝王陵墓群而感嘆,隨著我國文物保護工作的不斷開展,國家投入了大量的資金修繕明十三陵,這座規模宏大的帝王陵寢也將被永久的保存下去。同時,我也希望各位游客能對這里留下美好的印象,歡迎各位下次再來參觀。
關于北京十三陵的導游詞 篇5
Dear friends
Hello everyone! With the start of the car, today's tourism activities willofficially start. I'm very glad to have the opportunity to accompany you tovisit the Ming Tombs.
The world famous Ming Tombs are located at the foot of Yanshan Mountain inChangping District of Beijing. In the surrounding area of 40 square kilometers,there are 13 emperors, 23 queens, many concubines, princesses, princesses andother maids buried in the Ming Dynasty. At this point, some friends who arefamiliar with Chinese history may have a question in their heart: there were 16emperors in the Ming Dynasty, why only 13 of them were buried here? To answerthis question, we need to recall the history of the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, built the capitalin today's Nanjing and was buried in the "Ming Xiaoling" in Zhongshan, Nanjingafter his death. Because Prince Zhu Biao died early, he passed the throne to hiseldest grandson Zhu Yunwen. Yongle Emperor Zhu Di won the throne from his nephewZhu Yunwen. Zhu Di sent troops to the south in the name of removing treacherousofficials. Jianwen Emperor Zhu Yunwen's whereabouts are unknown in thiscatastrophe. Some people say that the palace was burned to death at that time.Others say that they became monks. This is still a mystery in the history of theMing Dynasty, so there is no mausoleum. Zhu Qiyu, the seventh emperor of theMing Dynasty, became the emperor because his elder brother Yingzong Zhu Qizhenwas a prisoner in the "civil fortress change" and the palace could not bewithout a master for a day.
Later, Yingzong was released. Under the planning of his confidants,Yingzong carried out a "change of seizing the door", and became emperor again.After Zhu Qiyu died, Yingzong refused to recognize him as an emperor, destroyedthe mausoleum built by Zhu Qiyu in the Ming Tombs area, and buried him as a"Prince" in jinshankou, western suburb of Beijing. In this way, of the 16 Mingemperors, two were buried elsewhere, one was missing, and the other 13 wereburied here, so they are collectively referred to as "Ming Tombs". The MingTombs is a group of mausoleum buildings with the most complete preservation andburial of emperors in the world.
The Ming Tombs are built in a beautiful mountain area, about 50 kilometersaway from the capital, covering an area of about 40 square kilometers. The siteof the Ming Tombs was selected and built according to the principle of geomanticomen, because people in ancient China paid great attention to geomantic omenwhen they were building houses or mausoleums. The emperor is more pretentious,not only to live a luxurious life, but also want to continue to enjoy afterdeath, so the choice of mausoleum is very important.
When choosing the mausoleum site, it is necessary to choose a good placewith mountains and water, good natural environment and "gas accumulation wind".And the Ming Tombs is such a good place: the whole mausoleum area is surroundedby mountains in the East, West and North, and there are Dragon Mountain andTiger Mountain in the south, forming a natural gateway, which is in line withthe saying of "left Green Dragon and right white tiger" in geomantic omen. It islike a huge courtyard in the middle. The Wenyu River in the mausoleum areameanders from northwest to Southeast, forming the holding water in the mausoleumarea. In the whole mausoleum area, Changling is the key, the line betweenDagongmen and Changling is the central axis, and Tianshou mountain is theZhenshan in the north. It is an ideal mausoleum with mountains on its back,water on its surface and wind gathering in gas reservoirs.
The reason why Emperor Yongle chose the present Tianshou mountain was alsoafter many twists and turns. After the battle of Jingnan, Zhu Di became emperorin Nanjing. At that time, he decided to move his capital to Beijing in order toconsolidate his political power. In 1407, the fifth year of Yongle, Zhu Di'sempress Xu died. At that time, in order to express his determination to move thecapital to Beijing, Zhu Di sent the Minister of rites and geomantic warlock LiaoJunqing to Beijing to choose "auspicious soil". It is said that several placeshave been selected.
The first choice is tujiaying, but because the emperor's surname is Zhu,which is the same as "pig", and "Tu" means slaughtering, pigs will definitelydie when they enter the slaughterhouse, so it's not appropriate to committaboos. Another place is at the foot of the Yangshan mountain in the southwestof Changping. Pigs and sheep instinctively live in harmony, but there is avillage behind the mountain called "langeryu". It's more dangerous to havewolves beside pigs, and it can't be used. Later, he chose Yanjiatai in the westof Beijing, but "Yanjia" and "Yanjia" are homophonic, which is also unlucky.
Because the death of the ancient emperor, in addition to called "death",also called "Yan Jia". Although the landscape of Tanzhe Temple is good, it isdeep and narrow in the mountains, which is not conducive to the development offuture generations. Later came to today's Tianshou mountain. Tianshou mountainwas called Huangtu mountain at that time. After Emperor Yongle personallyinspected it, he felt very satisfied. At that time, he made an order todesignate Huangtu mountain as his "good soil for ten thousand years". This yearis also the year of his 50th birthday, so he named Huangtu mountain "Tianshoumountain". From the construction of Changling mausoleum in 1409, the seventhyear of Yongle, until Chongzhen, the last emperor of Ming Dynasty, was buried inSiling mausoleum, the construction of Ming Tombs lasted for more than 230years.
The Ming Tombs have a history of more than 300-500 years since it wasbuilt, and the buildings on the ground have been seriously damaged many times,the most serious of which was during the Qing army's entry period. So why didthe Qing army destroy the Ming Tombs on a large scale? Because at the end of theMing Dynasty, Nurhachi, the emperor Taizu of the Qing Dynasty, rose in thenortheast, which directly threatened the security of the Ming Dynasty.
As a result, some people say that the prosperity of the Qing soldiers isrelated to the geomantic omen of their ancestral graves. If their ancestralgraves are destroyed, the Qing soldiers can be eliminated. The ancestors ofManchu are Jin people, and the ancestral Tomb of Jin Dynasty is in Fangshan,Beijing. Zhu Youxiao, the Ming Dynasty's Apocalypse emperor, believed it. Asexpected, he sent people to Fangshan to destroy Jinling and built a Guanditemple in that town. Of course, this method could not suppress the Qing army. Asa result, after the Qing army entered the pass, they took the same means ofrevenge and destroyed the Ming Tombs. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong ofthe Qing Dynasty, in order to win over the Han people, Emperor Qianlong onceordered the Ming mausoleum to be repaired. However, in the period of theRepublic of China [around 1914], local tyrants and evil gentry destroyed theMing Tombs on a large scale in order to fight for property rights. It was notuntil after the founding of new China that we were able to see the true face ofLushan Mountain today after constant renovation and landscaping. Now the MingTombs have become a famous tourist attraction in China.
Dear friends, the above is the general situation of the Ming Tombs. Thepurpose is to give you a preliminary understanding of the Ming Tombs. I willintroduce the situation of the scenic spot to you in detail after arriving atthe scenic spot.
關于北京十三陵的導游詞 篇6
各位游客:
大家早上好!
今天上午我們游覽位于北京昌平區的十三陵景區,大約需要50分鐘的車程,利用這段時間給大家講一講十三陵的歷史背景以及一些簡要情況。
明永樂五年(1407年),皇后徐氏去世,朱棣派禮部尚書、風水術士到北京選擇“吉壤”準備修建陵寢。直到明永樂七年(1409年)他們來到昌(chang)平才驚喜地發現這塊雄渾的“龍脈”從太行山-燕山山脈而來,這里正符合了陰陽五行中四方之神的所在位置,北方處于四象玄武方位的是高大的天壽山(鎮山),東為一條形如奔越騰挪的龍山稱蟒山,西為狀似一只伏地警覺的猛虎稱虎峪。在三山圍成的小平原內還有“金水河”溫榆河經過這里,真可以說是風水寶地,從此拉開了在天壽山腳下修建明皇陵寢的工程。現在這里已被聯合國教科文組織列入《世界文化遺產名錄》的全國重點風景名勝區,今天我們參觀長陵和已被發掘定陵的地宮。
請司機把車開慢點,大家透過車窗往外看到一個石牌坊,這是陵區的標志。這個牌坊5間6柱11樓,全部用漢白玉雕砌,是現在國內保存下來最大、最精美的石牌坊。
好!目的地到了,請大家帶好自己的隨身物品,下車集合。
這座門叫大紅門是陵墓區的正門,穿過正門我們腳下的這條道路就是十三陵的神道,這條神道隨地形回轉起伏,這是依據“風水”理論中有“生旺而彎環則吉,衰死硬直則兇”的說法,它是我國歷代修建的帝王陵中最長的神道,全長有7.3千米。
往前看有一個碑亭,這就是長陵的神功頌德碑,圣德碑上為盤龍碑首,下為龜趺馱碑,通高7.91米,刻有“大明長陵神功圣德碑”,正面是長子朱高熾(chi)為其父撰寫的4000多字頌德碑文,背面是在乾隆撰寫的《哀明陵三十韻》,后又在碑之左側刻御制詩一首,右側刻清嘉慶御制文一篇,論述明王朝滅亡的原因。
過了碑亭,在800米的神道上排列著石獸12對、石人6對,叫做石像生。樹立這些是為了體現帝王生前的儀仗和死后的尊嚴。
這是一座欞星門,也叫龍鳳門,取天門之意。在這個三門六柱的門中央位置上,有三個火焰寶珠,所以這里也被叫做火焰牌坊。
呈現在我們眼前的這座宏偉建筑就是——長陵,它是明十三陵中規模最大、營建時間最長、保存最完好的一座陵墓。朱棣發動“靖難之役”奪得了皇位,改年號為永樂。在執政的22年中,勤于政務、不喜奢華,作了許多益事,主持編纂《永樂大典》,派鄭和六下西洋,中國被收入《世界遺產名錄》的文化古跡中有四處是朱棣開創基業的。長陵共占地10公頃,中軸線建筑有陵恩門,陵恩殿,明樓,寶城和寶頂。陵墓共有三進院,最具欣賞價值和文物價值的是位于二進院落中的陵恩殿,是十三陵中唯一保存完好的祾恩殿,祾恩的意思,是仿照紫禁城的太和殿的規制建成的,它面闊九間,進深五間,重檐廡殿頂,殿內有60根巨大楠木柱,中間的四根直徑都達到了一米以上,是國內最好的楠木殿,用途是供奉帝后神位和舉行謁(ye)陵祭祀活動的場所。
從殿后門出來就到達了第三進院落,長陵標志性的建筑——明樓,明樓內豎有石碑一塊,上書:大明成祖文皇帝之陵,因為皇帝姓朱,所以碑身也都是用的朱砂紅色。
接下來我們去定陵,在那里大家就可以參觀到古代皇帝的地下宮殿了。 定陵是明朝第13位皇帝神宗萬歷朱翊鈞和孝端、孝靖兩位皇后的合葬墓。朱翊鈞是明朝在位最久的皇帝,九歲登基后以萬歷十七年為界,分為兩個階段,前一段有大臣張居正的輔佐,國家的各方面都有很大發展,大有中興大明之勢。張居正病逝后,他像換了一個人, 28年不理朝政,導致國家幾乎停擺。后人評論,其實明朝滅亡的命運,在萬歷皇帝時就已經成為定局了。朱翊鈞一生中作過一件值得稱道的事情就是萬歷二十年至二十七年決定了“抗日援朝”戰爭,鞏固了中朝關系。
定陵是十三陵中的第三大陵,建筑規制去祖父世宗永陵,寶城前面的建筑在戰火中被毀,從僅存的須彌座臺基上可以想見當年的規模。在前面的陳列室里,陳列展出的都是定陵出土的國寶級的文物,都非常精美,各位可以一飽眼福,30分鐘后我們在門口集合。
現在我們來到了定陵的寶城,直徑230米,寶城正中為重檐歇山頂的明樓,是定陵地面保存最完好的建筑。在明樓內立6.19米高的石碑,額書“大明”,碑文為“神宗顯皇帝之陵”。寶城中間的大土丘叫做寶頂,其實就是墳頭。
大家隨我從左側的通道進入地宮。定陵地宮的挖掘工作是從1956年5月開始的,1958年結束。最開始發掘人員是發現了寶城西南側墻上露出了一處券門,于是就正對著券門開了第一條探溝,探溝見底后發現了用城磚砌成的隧道。沿著隧道指示的方向在明樓后正對寶頂的方向開了第二條探溝,在這條探溝中碰到了刻有“此石至金剛墻前皮十六丈、深三丈五尺”的石碑,這塊石碑就是指示方向用的標志,因為定陵是皇帝生前建造的,完工后必須將地宮用土封上以待帝后。沿著石碑指示的方向,又開了第三條探溝,最終找到了石隧道,并且發現了金剛墻,將其上的金剛門拆開,即進入了地宮的隧道券,在西側正中有兩扇漢白玉的石門,從里邊頂著“自來石”,發掘人員用鐵棍把自來石從地面凹槽撬起,然后用鉛絲套住并讓它頂在其中一扇門后,另一扇門就可以打開了,沉睡了300多年的定陵地宮被打開了。
整個建筑的用料都是磚石,禮制上是仿明堂的“九重法宮”制,分為前室、中室、后室和左右室五個殿。我們現在所處的位置是前室,也叫前殿,打開時在只有地面上的一層黃松木板直通后殿,在木板上可以清晰地看到運送棺槨的車轍。
再往前走就是中殿了,它位于前后左右四室中央,地面鋪以細料方磚,據說這種磚會越擦越亮的。殿中陳設有漢白玉石神座,它的樣式和皇帝生前寶座是一樣的,神座靠背和扶手雕有龍頭,兩位皇后的神座雕有鳳頭。在三個寶座之前,設有祭祀用具黃琉璃五供,包括一個香爐,兩個燭臺,兩個花瓶,神座前各有青花云龍大瓷缸,缸中原來盛有香油,里邊放有燈芯,叫做長明燈。
這座富麗堂皇的地宮就是后殿,又稱皇堂,是地宮中最大的一個殿,地面鋪設的是磨光的花斑石。在后殿正中設有須彌座式、面鋪花斑石、鑲有漢白玉石邊的棺床一座,中央有一方孔,中間填的是黃土,是選擇墓穴時的第一鏟黃土,叫做金井。棺床的上安放有萬歷皇帝和兩位皇后的棺槨,還有裝隨葬品26箱,萬歷皇帝為自己設計了明清兩代最高等級的葬禮——金井玉葬。
按照皇帝陵寢的規置是一帝一后,后殿只安放皇帝棺槨,皇后的棺槨應在左右配殿,為什么定陵一帝二后?左右配殿沒有任何的陳設,兩位皇后的棺槨卻在后殿?先說他的二后:孝端是朱翊鈞的正宮皇后,后與他沒有孩子。孝靖皇后是萬歷皇帝母親身邊的宮女王氏,萬歷為母請安私幸,巧的是王氏就為萬歷生下了嫡長子,就是后來的“一月天子”朱常洛,死后萬歷才封她為貴妃,簡稱孝靖。她比朱翊鈞早死九年,被埋在東井左側平岡地,之孫朱由校繼位后才追封為太皇太后。為什么合葬在一起呢?根據專家推測:在萬歷四十八年的時候,先是孝端皇后病逝,三個月后萬歷皇帝去世,而他的兒子朱常洛也在即位29天后就死于紅丸案。剛剛即位的16歲皇帝朱由校眼前有三個葬禮、還有親奶奶的移靈,這么巨大的任務都壓在他身上,所以準備工作十分的倉促。而且當時正好是雨季,安放皇后的配殿不方便打開,于是皇帝皇后的棺槨就都從正門進去了。可是到了地宮發現配殿的甬道太窄了,皇后的棺槨進不去,所以只好將它們一并放入了后殿當中。
走出地宮后我們今天的明十三陵之行也將近尾聲了,相信大家一定都為這座巨大的帝王陵墓群而感嘆,希望我的講解能給各位留下深刻的印象,領略我國古代的文明。
關于北京十三陵的導游詞 篇7
The Ming Tombs are located at the foot of Tianshou mountain in ChangpingDistrict of Beijing. There are 13 Ming emperors buried here, so they are calledMing Tombs. From the seventh year of Yongle (1409) to the early year of Shunzhiin Qing Dynasty, the construction of Changling was 200 years. The Ming Tombssystem is completed with a large scale, which is the most complete mausoleumgroup in the world with many emperors buried. In 20__, the Ming Tombs werelisted in the "Century Heritage List" by UNESCO, becoming a must visit place forChinese and foreign tourists to Beijing.
There are sixteen emperors in the Ming Dynasty. Why is there only the MingTombs? That's because there are three emperors in the Ming Dynasty who are notburied here. One is the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, the second Emperor ZhuYunwen, and the other is the king Tai Emperor Zhu Qiyu. Zhu Di, the thirdemperor of the Ming Dynasty, was the first to build a mausoleum in Beijing.
In July of the fifth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1407), the empressXu of Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, died. Zhu Di ordered Zhao Dan,the Minister of rites, and Liao Junqing, a Jiangxi warlock, to build a mausoleumin Beijing. Finally, the area around louziying of kangjiazhuang in ChangpingDistrict today was selected as the site of the mausoleum and reported to theemperor. After Zhu Di personally inspected the site, he was very satisfied. Henamed the mountain "Tianshou mountain" and chose "auspicious day of the YellowRoad" to start the construction of the mausoleum.
From the seventh year of Yongle to the second year of Xuande (1409-1427),it took 18 years to complete the mausoleum. Empress Xu was buried first, andthen Zhu Di himself. Zhu Di named his mausoleum "Changling", which is the "firstmausoleum" of the Ming Tombs.
The follow-up decoration of Changling is not over. In the Jiajing period ofMing Dynasty, Zhu Houfu ordered to build the Shinto of Changling. Large stonearchways and stele towers on Shinto were built one after another. So it tookmore than 130 years for Changling to be built. The Shinto of the Changlingmausoleum was completed in turn with the mausoleums of the successive emperorsof the Ming Dynasty, and became the main Shinto of the Ming Tombs.
After the Qing Dynasty entered the GATT, it encountered great difficultiesin ruling the country, so the imperial court took many measures to ease thepeople's fierce resistance. For example, the postponement of shaving andchanging clothes, the restoration of imperial examination, the reuse of Hanofficials, and the management of Ming Dynasty mausoleum.
During the reign of Kangxi, every time Emperor Kangxi visited the south, hewould go to Nanjing's Xiaoling of Ming Dynasty to offer sacrifices to ZhuYuanzhang. He also went to the right side of the Shinto of Xiaoling of MingDynasty (the left side was the top in ancient times) to show his respect for ZhuYuanzhang, the founding emperor of Ming Dynasty. During the reign of Yongzheng,Emperor Yongzheng made a wish for his son to become his father, aiming to findthe direct descendants of the Ming emperor. When you find it, you'll be theofficial. During the reign of Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong granted the descendantsof the Zhu royal family first-class yan'en marquis. In addition, the Qinggovernment set up a special envoy, namely eunuch guarding the mausoleum, to beresponsible for specific related matters. The tomb owners are responsible fortaking care of the cemetery buildings and the trees in the cemetery area.
During the period of the Republic of China, the last generation of yan'enMarquis was Zhu YuXun. Because of his laziness and self-discipline, thegovernment of the Republic of China removed him from all his duties related tothe custody of the mausoleum area, and from then on, yan'en Hou withdrew fromthe stage of history.
Now the Ming Tombs, under the protection and repair of the government, haverestored part of the landscape. The whole mausoleum is composed of thirteenmausoleums: Chang, Xian, Jing, Yu, Mao, Tai, Kang, Yong, Zhao, Ding, Qing, deand Si, which are arranged at the foot of Tianshou mountain. On the left isMangshan, which is a symbol of green dragon, and on the right is Huyu, which isa symbol of white tiger. In front of the mountain, there is a small stream,which forms a pool in the southeast. This is the famous Ming Tombs reservoir.There are also 23 queens, one imperial concubine, dozens of people who died inthe funeral palace, seven imperial concubine tombs and one eunuch tomb.
As tourist attractions, four of them are open to the outside world. Theyare Changling Shinto, Changling, Dingling and Zhaoling. I'm going to talk aboutChangling today.
The owner of Changling tomb is Zhu Di, the third emperor of Ming Dynastyand the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty. He was born in1360 and died in 1424.
Zhu Di's life was full of ups and downs. At the age of 11, he was grantedthe title of king of Yan. At the age of 17, he married Xu Da's eldest daughter,the Xu family. At the age of 21, he took office in Beiping (that is, Beijing)and became the highest chief executive of Beiping region, integrating military,political and power. At the age of 40, he fought in the name of "Jingnan" andtook Nanjing for four years. He won the throne from his nephew Zhu Yunwen andbecame the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Di has been in power for 22 years. When he was in power, he wasdiligent in government affairs, concerned about the people and lived a simplelife.
The most outstanding achievements are as follows: first, he presided overthe compilation of Yongle canon; second, he sent Zheng He to the Western Ocean;third, he built four cultural relics and historic sites which are rated as"world cultural heritage" by modern people. (the Palace Museum, the temple ofheaven, the Ming Tombs, Wudang Mountain Taoist complex in Hubei Province).
Of course, Zhu Di's life has also been seen by today's less glorious deeds.For example, the establishment of the East Chamber secret service, the "Jingnancampaign" to usurp the throne, and the "Renwu martyrdom" to kill the courtiersin Zhu Yunwen's period left a bad impression of being violent and murderous.
Zhu Di is a "son of the horse". Because of martial arts, he gained fame;because of martial arts, he won the throne; because of martial arts, he expandedhis territory. But death, also died in the March. Zhu Di died in yumuchuan, nowin Duolun, Inner Mongolia, during his fifth personal expedition to Mobei. He was65 years old and buried in Changling.
Zhu Di is another brilliant emperor after the founding emperor ZhuYuanzhang of Ming Dynasty.
Changling, the mausoleum of Zhu Di, is located on the south side of themain peak of Tianshou mountain. It is the largest, longest built and most wellpreserved Mausoleum of the Ming Tombs. The layout features "front and backcircle". "Front" refers to a group of three entrance courtyards, and "backcircle" refers to Baoding, the tomb of Zhu Di.
In front of this three entrance courtyard, the first entrance to thecourtyard is the mausoleum gate, with a single eaves resting on the top of themountain. It is five rooms wide and three doors open in the middle. It is builton the platform. The first thing you can see in the courtyard is a stelePavilion. Other buildings were destroyed in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.
The second gate to enter the courtyard is Juen gate. When you enter Juengate, you will see Juen hall.
The li'en Hall of Changling is covered with yellow glazed tiles, doubleeaves, veranda roof, 95 Bay, supported by 60 Phoebe pillars and covered with"gold bricks", covering an area of 1938 square meters. Such a large hall, butalso are the pillars of Phoebe, is rare in the domestic ancient architecture.Phoebe itself is very precious. The 32 gold pillars in the li'en Hall ofChangling are up to 12.58 meters in height and about 1 meter in diameter. Thefour in the middle are the thickest, with a diameter of 1.124 meters. They can'tclose each other. Moreover, the Ming Dynasty did not leave the standard for theofficial construction of ancient buildings. The JUEN Hall of Changling mausoleumhas become a rare object to study the official buildings in the early MingDynasty, but it is the only well preserved Juen hall in the Ming Tombs, which isvery worthy of tourists to visit.
After Li en hall, through the inner red gate, we came to the thirdcourtyard. First of all, you can see the Lingxing gate, and then you can see thestone confession case, on which there are stone five confessions. They are:incense burner in the middle, candlesticks on both sides, and incense bottles onboth sides. To the north of shiwugong is minglou.
Minglou is part of Houyuan, which refers to Zhu Di's mausoleum. It iscomposed of minglou, Fangcheng, Baocheng and Baoding (Baoshan). If you see sucha Ming tower in the Ming Tombs, it means that an emperor of the Ming Dynasty isburied behind it.
The Ming tower is built on the square city, with double eaves resting onthe top of the mountain. Inside the Ming tower is the "Shenghao stele". Thefirst part of the stele is engraved with "Daming" in seal characters, and thebody of the stele is engraved with "the mausoleum of emperor chengzuwen". Thepedestal under the body of the tablet is divided into four layers. The firstlayer is erlongxizhu, followed by Baiyun, mountains and sea water. "Shenghaostele" is equivalent to the tombstone in front of the mausoleum, indicating thatZhu Di was buried inside.
Behind minglou is Baocheng Baoding. Baoding, also known as Baoshan, isbuilt by hand rammed earth. Baoshan is surrounded by a ring of city walls, 7.3meters high, with crenels on it, and the circumference is 1 km. It is calledBaocheng. Below the mountain is the underground palace. But the undergroundpalace of Changling was not opened. The only underground palace opened in theMing Tombs was Dingling, the tomb of Zhu Yijun.
It turns out that in the early Ming Dynasty, there was a system ofsacrificial burial after the death of the emperor, which was called the systemof sacrificial burial. Originated in the primitive society, slaves were buriedwith a large number of slaves and livestock. After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang,the emperor of Ming Dynasty, this brutal system of human sacrifice was carriedout. When Zhu Yuanzhang died, 38 people were buried; Zhu Di buried 16 people;Zhu gaochi buried 5 people; Zhu Zhanji buried 10 people. The palace maids orconcubines who were buried with the emperor were granted the title of "Chaotianfemale household" by the emperor. It was not until Zhuqi Town, Yingzong of MingDynasty, that the system of martyrdom was abolished.
Yingzong Zhuqi town is fatuous and incompetent. After being a prisoner andlosing the throne, he was released by the enemy and returned to Beijing. Withthe help of eunuchs, he used stratagem to become emperor again. There are twoyears, one is orthodox and the other is Tianshun. He was definitely not a goodemperor in the history of Ming Dynasty, but he abolished the system of humansacrifice, which was a good thing in his lifetime.
However, it is not known where the maids were buried in the Ming Tombs, andit still needs to be researched by later generations.
OK, I'll introduce you to the Ming Tombs.
關于北京十三陵的導游詞 篇8
各位旅客朋友們:
大家好!
北京昌平縣境內,有一處明代帝王陵墓群,即中外聞名的十三陵。在周圍40公里的范圍內,埋葬著明代13位帝王,23位皇后和眾多的嬪妃、太子、公主、從葬宮女等。
(一)概況
明永樂五年(1407)朱棣的皇后徐氏去世。朱棣命禮部、工部及術士風鑒先生等人,在北京郊區尋找"吉壤"。先后曾指定潭柘寺、燕家臺、屠家營等處,朱棣均不滿意。后來江西術士廖均卿說,昌平北有吉壤,可做萬年壽域,名黃土山,山前有龍、虎二山,形成一個小平原。朱棣視察后很滿意,決定在此建造皇陵,改黃土山為天壽山。永樂七年(1409)正式建陵,到永樂十一年竣工,即長陵。明代歷朝(除景泰帝外)皇帝陸續在此建陵。 明制規定,陵墓每年大祭三次(清明、中元、冬至),小祭四次(正旦、孟冬、生辰、逝日)。每次謁陵耗費巨大。十三陵地面上建筑曾幾度遭到破壞,最嚴重的一次是清兵入關。明末清太祖崛起于東北,威脅明朝安全。有人說清兵之所以強盛與他的祖墳風水有關。他們(金人)的祖墳在房山,如搗毀,清兵即滅。天啟皇帝于天啟二年(1622)派人毀房山金陵,并建關帝廟鎮之。清兵入關后,采取同樣的報復手段,破壞了明陵。清乾隆五十年,為了攏絡漢人,曾下令修繕明陵。民國時期,左右,當地豪紳爭奪產權,明陵又遭破壞。
1陵墓區范圍
墓區原有一道40公里長的圍墻。紅色圍墻自南邊的大宮門起,依山而筑,設有中山口、東山口、老君堂口、賢莊口、灰嶺口、錐子口、雁子口、德勝口、西山口、榨子口等十個關口,各口駐兵把守。現在紅墻已無,但從地名上看還能了解到當年的墓區范圍。
2繃昴怪兄嵯
(1)石牌坊
石牌坊是陵區最南端的建筑。該坊五門六柱十一樓,高14米,寬2886米,建于嘉靖十九年(1540),是目前國內保存最大、最早的石坊。夾桿石四面有浮雕,刻有八對獅子滾繡球、十六條生龍,造型生動。
(2)大宮門
大宮門是陵墓區的正門。門分三洞,旁連40公里圍墻。門前豎著"官員人等至此下馬"碑。門內有數千軍士守護,任何人不得闖入。當時規定"謀毀山陵者,以謀大逆論,不分首從,俱凌遲處死"。山陵內盜砍樹木者斬,家屬發往邊疆充軍。
(3)碑樓
該樓為重檐頂四出陛、樓內馱巨碑,即長陵的神功圣德碑,高三丈(該碑正式建立于宣德十年,即公元1435年)。正面為神功圣德碑文,3000余字,明成祖長子仁宗朱高熾撰。碑陰是乾隆五十年(1785),清高宗的《哀明陵三十韻》,詳細地記錄了長、永、定、思幾座陵墓的殘破情況。碑東側是清政府修明陵的花費記錄,西側是嘉慶九年(1804)清仁宗論述明亡的原因。
(4)石象生
神路兩側有一組石雕群,24獸,12人,共18對,36個。包括獅子、獬豸、駱駝、麒麟、馬、象各4匹,二臥二立。武臣、文臣、勛臣各4人。
(5)欞星門
欞星門俗稱龍鳳門,在此處有"天門"之意,門三道之間有短垣相隔。6根門柱形似華表,三門額坊中央雕有石刻火焰珠,故當地人又稱其為火焰牌坊。 欞星門北有7孔漢白玉神橋一座,通往長陵陵門。
關于北京十三陵的導游詞 篇9
各位旅客朋友們:
大家好!
明十三陵是明朝皇帝的墓葬群,坐落在北京西北郊昌平區境內的燕山山麓的天壽山。總面積一百二十余平方公里,距離北京約五十公里。這里自永樂七年五月始作長陵,到明朝最后一帝崇禎葬入思陵止,其間230多年,先后修建了十三座皇帝陵墓、七座妃子墓、一座太監墓。十三座皇陵均依山而筑,分別建在東、西、北三面的山麓上,形成了體系完整、規模宏大、氣勢磅礴的陵寢建筑群。明代術士認為,這里是“風水”勝境,絕佳“吉壤”。因此被明朝選為營建皇陵的“萬年壽域”。
十三位皇帝陵墓分別為:長陵(成祖)、獻陵(仁宗)、景陵(宣宗)、裕陵(英宗)、茂陵(憲宗)、泰陵(孝宗)、康陵(武宗)、永陵(世宗)、昭陵(穆宗)、定陵(神宗)、慶陵(光宗)、德陵(熹宗)、思陵(思宗)。景區已開放景點有長陵、定陵、昭陵、神路。
明十三陵全年適宜,但是春秋天氣最佳,北京的春秋不冷不熱,氣候適中,是理想的旅游季節,尤其是秋季天高氣爽,氣候宜人。
明朝遷都北京后13位皇帝長眠于此,依山而筑,分別建在東、西、北三面的山麓上,形成了氣勢磅礴的陵寢建筑群,逝者去,陵猶在。