英語專業本科畢業論文答辯流程及技巧

　　對于英專的孩子來說，好不容易過了專四和專八，又迎來了畢業之前的最后一道難題那就是畢業論文。英語專業的畢業論文有一定難度，對于本科生來說，這是他們第一次正兒八經的寫一篇學術意義的論文，當然不能跟研究生論文相提并論。但是阻攔畢業的最后一道坎就是畢業論文答辯，那么對英語專業的畢業論文答辯有什么技巧嗎?這里著重介紹一般性的流程和簡單的技巧，祝大神們能早日順利畢業!英語本科階段的論文答辯主要分為兩部分：自我陳述和回答答辯老師問題。明白了什么是答辯之后，下面就是一些前期的準備工作了。

　　步驟一、自述(用英語完成)：

　　先問好，再開始自述，自述時間為5-10分鐘，要簡明扼要。

　　good morning, all appraises committee members.

　　i am ___ and my supervisor is ___. the title of my paper is____.

　　接下來，一般要做一個大概十分鐘的presentation 在答辯前可從以下角度去考慮準備答辯：

　　1、自己為什么選擇這個課題? 2、研究這個課題的意義和目的是什么? 3、全文的基本框架、基本結構是如何安排的? 4、全文的各部分之間邏輯關系如何? 5、在研究本課題的過程中，發現了那些不同見解?對這些不同的意見，自己是怎樣逐步認識的?又是如何處理的? 6、論文雖未論及，但與其較密切相關的問題還有哪些? 7、還有哪些問題自己還沒有搞清楚，在論文中論述得不夠透徹? 8、寫作論文時立論的主要依據是什么?對以上問題應仔細想一想，必要時要用筆記整理出來，寫成發言提綱，在答辯時用。

　　步驟二、答辯(用英語完成)：

　　一般來說，老師會提問與你論文相關的問題。可以是大的方面的：論文的背景知識、寫作思路、論文的結構、論文所解決問題的意義等，大約有6-8個問題，時間將持續10-15分鐘。對于答辯者來說，首先要聽清楚問題，如果沒有聽清，可以要求老師重復問題(可以說pardon之類的話)。回答時首先要態度好，要切題，而且不要保持沉默，不會時可以表示抱歉。

　　常見問題：

　　(1)關于選題：如why did you choose this topic for your paper?或why were you interested in this project?

　　(2)關于具體部分：

　　商務方向：swot，costing，flowchart，risk，stakeholder，如do you think this point a piece of weakness of the shop?或do you think this a necessary activity for the project?

　　(3)關于背景知識及理論知識：如what does swot stand for?(商務)

　　(4)關于論文存在的問題：如in the last sentence on page … there are some grammatical errors.

　　(5)關于項目或論文將來的發展：如：商務方向：if possible, will you carry out the project, and if so, do you think it will make profit?

　　帶一份定稿(要與老師們持有的論文頁碼一致)，最后要向老師們表示感謝。

　　準備powerpoint文件內容(英文)，內容不要太多，最好在5-10個幻燈片。字號最好是：封面標題44-50;各頁標題40-44，正文24-32。內容最好是提綱式的，不要用長句，也最好不用單詞，可以用簡單句子或短語。具體內容與上面提出的自述內容一致，這樣有利于自述。格式一般是：封面(題目和姓名)-目錄-各方面內容-結束頁(可以表示感謝)。

　　附錄一：常見問題

　　論文答辯是學生學習結束時必不可少的一個環節。其目的是考查學生：

　　1.能否聽懂并正確理解老師提問的主旨; 2.答辯是否深刻、有力和流暢; 3.對論文觀點闡述得是否透徹; 4.是否了解與論文有關的知識。 學生通過積極準備論文答辯不僅可以增長知識，溫故知新，而且可以拓寬和加深專業知識，提高自己的能力。

　　一些簡單可行的實例供學生參考： 考官開頭常問的一些問題：

　　1.w ill you please give us a self-introduction? 有些學生可能由于緊張沒聽清問題便開始背誦論文的內容，結果造成答非所問。

　　2.give us a presentation of your thesis.有些學生一聽到‘thesis’便詳細而又不理解地背誦其論文內容，在被打斷之后便不知該說什么。其實，考官只是想知道你對論文的總體了解，讓你簡單闡明自己論文的內容與觀點。

　　3.why do you choose such a theme?/w hat do you want the reader get from your thesis? 對于這個問題，你可以談談你的喜好，你想要讀者從中得到什么。

　　4.w hat is the uniqueness of your point of view? 對于這個問題，你可以談談你的觀點與他人不同之處及原因。這就要求你有相關知識。

　　下面以一篇論文為例來說明考官從哪些方面來提問。

　　1.in your essay there is a sentence："with the development of economics，it is necessary for the countries all over the world to communication with each other.”is there anything wrong with this sentence? or "another major difference in western countries，there is related to the traditional culture and religious belief marriage is generally related to them.”w hat is the meaning of this sentence?

　　考官問這一問題，是因為你的句子有明顯的語法錯誤。提醒你應該弄明白句子的基本語法，寫論文時應該認真細致。如果是筆誤，你應該馬上發現此句中的錯誤之處。economics應是economy，to communication with each other 應是 to communicate with each other,另一個句子應該是another major difference in the western marriage is related to their traditional culture and religious belief

　　2.you say "i believe that after some years there will be no difference in nation, color of skin, culture and language.” is it possible? can people all over the world live in the same nation and have the same color of skin，the same culture and language?

　　這一問題是考查你頭腦是否清楚。全世界的人怎么能是同一膚色，講同一種語言呢?事實上，你沒能正確地表達你的意思。你要表達的意思應該是：as there will be more communication and cultural exchanges between peoples all over the world，people will understand each other better and there will be some changes in their culture and customs.

　　3.do people in america throw rice to the newly wed couple at the wedding ceremony? do you have any evidence?

　　提出這一問題是考查你的相關知識。既然把它作為論文來研究，必然要了解很多相關的知識，而且一定有論據來支持你的觀點。為使論文有說服力，寫論文時應閱讀大量相關書籍。 4.you have mentioned the traditional chinese wedding.does it only belong to chinese minor ethnic group or to the general?

　　這一問題是考查你在利用某種素材時是否認真思考過。你所描述的應該是中國普遍的婚俗而不是某一地區、某一少數民族的婚俗，因為中國有很多少數民族，而他們有著自己很獨特的婚俗。

　　5.in your essay you described both the traditional and the modern wedding in english speaking countries, esp，u.s.and britain.why not the modem wedding in china?

　　你的論文的目的應該是促進全球文化交流，但你僅僅描述一種在中國少見的婚俗，卻大量描述了西方的傳統和現代的婚俗，這在結構上失衡，還會誤導讀者，不僅起不到全球文化交流的作用，還會使人們對中國文化產生誤解。這里只是就一篇論文為例，來直觀地說明在寫論文和答辯時應該注意的事項，大家可以舉一反三。

　　附錄二：范文篇

　　good morning, all appraiser committee members. i am and my supervisor is . with her constant encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper. now, it is the show time. i will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.

　　the title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.

　　i hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.

　　the way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.

　　so when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.

　　next, it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five parts.part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems. part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.

　　ok! that is all. thank you! please ask questions.

　　注意事項

　　1.在平時的學習過程中必須注意提高自己的聽說能力。

　　2.答辯前應做好充分的準備，最重要的是熟悉論文的內容及自己的觀點。這一點十分重要，如果不熟悉論文的內容及自己的觀點，答辯時很難自圓其說

　　3.要有自信心。當然，自信來自事先的充分準備。