英語(yǔ)閱讀：圣誕老人究竟從哪來(lái)
圣誕老人究竟從哪來(lái)?
Where does Santa Claus come from?
20xx年，圣誕老人(Santa Claus)慶祝了他的一千七百三十歲生日!其原型尼古拉斯(Nicholas)在公元前280年出生于利西亞小國(guó)，這個(gè)國(guó)家現(xiàn)已并入土耳其。
The origins of our Christmas traditions are the most fascinating of any holiday. All our favorite activities can be traced back to specific points in history, and knowing how these things came about just makes celebrating Christmas that much more wonderful.
圣誕節(jié)傳統(tǒng)的起源是所有節(jié)日中最吸引人的。我們喜歡的任何活動(dòng)都可以追溯到歷史上特定的由來(lái)處，并且知道這些活動(dòng)是如何產(chǎn)生的，這也是為了慶祝更美妙的圣誕節(jié)。
In 20xx, Santa Claus is celebrating his 1,730th birthday! The original Nicholas was born in 280 A.D. in the small country of Lycia, which is now part of modern-day Turkey.
20xx年，圣誕老人慶祝了他的一千七百三十歲生日!其原型尼古拉斯在公元前280年出生于利西亞小國(guó)，這個(gè)國(guó)家現(xiàn)已并入土耳其。
Nicholas became first a priest and then a bishop in the early Christian church. The very first paintings of him show Nicholas wearing the ceremonial robes of a Christian bishop – red trimmed with white. When we see “Santa’s suit” today, we’re seeing those same colors.
在早期的基督教會(huì)中尼古拉斯由一名牧師晉升為主教。尼古拉斯的第一幅畫像是他穿著基督教主教的儀式長(zhǎng)袍——紅色鑲有白色的衣服。在如今的圣誕老人裝扮中，我們也能看到與其相同的顏色。
Nicholas became famous for gift-giving, usually to the poor. In the early fourth century a legend began to spread about Nicholas coming at night to the home of three poor girls who did not have dowries and therefore could not marry their fiancés. While the girls slept, Nicholas left gold coins in their stockings, which were drying by the fire. That’s how our tradition of Santa filling stockings got its start.
尼古拉斯因經(jīng)常給窮人送禮而廣受贊譽(yù)。早在四世紀(jì)，相傳尼古拉斯在晚上來(lái)到三個(gè)窮苦的女孩房前，由于沒(méi)有嫁妝，她們無(wú)法和自己的未婚夫結(jié)婚。當(dāng)女孩們?cè)谒X(jué)時(shí)，尼古拉斯把金幣放進(jìn)正在烘烤的襪子里。這正是圣誕老人把禮物放進(jìn)襪子傳統(tǒng)的由來(lái)。
Santa is known my many names all over the world. He became “Santa Claus”in America because many of the first English colonists to arrive to not celebrate Christmas; as Puritans they felt the holiday was disrespectful to Jesus. But their children saw the children of Dutch settlers receiving gifts from someone called “St. Nicholas.” They thought the gift-giver’s name was “Sinter Klass” and anglicized it further to “Santa Claus.”
圣誕老人在世界各地有很多不同的名字。在美國(guó)，他是“圣克勞斯”(Santa Claus)，因?yàn)榈谝慌絹?lái)的英國(guó)殖民者大多不慶祝圣誕節(jié);身為清教徒，他們覺(jué)得過(guò)節(jié)是對(duì)耶穌的不敬。但是他們的孩子看到荷蘭殖民者的孩子收到來(lái)自一個(gè)名叫“圣尼古拉斯”(St. Nicholas)的禮物。他們認(rèn)為送禮人的名字是“圣特克勞斯”(SinterKlass)，再將名字英譯就是“圣克勞斯”。
Many people think Santa’s reindeer were introduced to the holiday in Clement Moore’s wonderful poem “A Visit from St. Nicholas,” which most of us now call “’Twas the Night Before Christmas.” Moore wrote about Santa and the eight reindeer in 1822. But in 1809 another great American author named Washington Irving wrote a book titled Diedrich Knickerbocker, and in it he wrote about St. Nicholas delivering presents to children “by flying over the treetops in a wagon.”Clement Moore simply expanded on that previous description.
很多人認(rèn)為在克萊門特•穆?tīng)?Clement Moore)的名詩(shī)《圣古拉斯的來(lái)訪》(A Visit from St. Nicholas)中，將圣誕老人的馴鹿和節(jié)日聯(lián)系了起來(lái)，這首詩(shī)現(xiàn)在也被稱為《圣誕節(jié)前夜》(Twas the Night Before Christmas)。穆?tīng)栐?820xx年寫了關(guān)于圣誕老人和八只馴鹿的故事。然而在1820xx年，另一名偉大的美國(guó)作家華盛頓•歐文(Washington Irving)寫了一本書《迪德里奇.尼克巴克》(Diedrich Knickerbocker)，他在書中寫道圣尼古拉斯坐著馬車飛躍在樹(shù)梢上給孩子送禮物。克萊門特•穆?tīng)栔皇菍?duì)以前故事的描述加以擴(kuò)展。
The first department store Santa appeared in 1841 at J.W.Parkinson’s Dry Goods store in Philadelphia. This Santatried to slide down a chimney to impress the children who were watching, but he got stuck halfway down.
1841年，圣誕老人出現(xiàn)在第一百貨商店—— 費(fèi)城的帕金森干貨商場(chǎng)(J.W. Parkinson’s Dry Goods store in Philadelphia)。圣誕老人試圖滑下煙囪，來(lái)給正在觀看的小孩留下深刻印象，但是他卻卡在了那里。
During the Civil War, a magazine artist named Thomas Nast began drawing cartoons of Santa as a diversion for readers from the horrors of war. He sketched Santa as living at the North Pole, and having a lot of elves as his assistants. Everyone believed that must be true.
內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間，藝術(shù)家托馬斯•納斯特(Thomas Nast)開(kāi)始創(chuàng)作圣誕老人的漫畫，這成為了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)恐怖下人們的娛樂(lè)。他勾畫出了這樣一幅畫面——生活在北極的圣誕老人，身邊圍繞著一群調(diào)皮的小精靈助手。此后，每個(gè)人都相信有這樣一位人物。